How is permaculture farming different from conventional chemical farming?
- Permaculture farming discourages monocultural practices but in conventional chemical farming, monoculture practices are predominant.
- Conventional chemical farming can cause increase in soil salinity but the occurrence of such phenomenon is not observed in permaculture farming.
- Conventional chemical farming is easily possible in semi-arid regions but permaculture farming is not so easily possible in such regions.
- Practice of mulching is very important in permaculture farming but not necessarily so in conventional chemical farming.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2 and 4
- 4 only
- 2 and 3
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Permaculture, coined in the 1970s by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, combines “permanent agriculture” and “permanent culture.” It is a design system for sustainable human environments that integrates food production, housing, technology, and community development, based on ecological principles. Permaculture farming discourages monocultural practices, promoting diversity in plant species and ecosystems. On the other hand, conventional chemical farming often relies on monoculture, where large areas are planted with a single crop for efficiency and ease of management.
Statement 2 is correct
- Conventional chemical farming often leads to increased soil salinity due to the use of synthetic fertilisers and poor irrigation practices. Permaculture farming, which emphasises natural soil health and water management, does not typically cause soil salinity issues. Embracing natural fertilisers, such as compost, manure, and vermicompost, offers a chemical-free method to supplement soil nutrients. These natural fertilisers enhance soil fertility, improve microbial activity, and foster a balanced soil ecosystem.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- Permaculture farming is designed to be adaptable to various environmental conditions, including semi-arid regions. It often employs water conservation techniques, agroforestry, and other sustainable practices suitable for different climates.
Statement 4 is correct
- It is the act of covering the soil with mulches, such as bark, wood chips, leaves, and other organic material, in order to preserve moisture and improve the condition of the soil. Mulching is a common practice in permaculture farming. Mulch helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and provides nutrients to the soil. While mulching can also be used in conventional chemical farming, it may not be as emphasized or widespread as in permaculture practices.
