Consider the following statements: 1) It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince. 2) It was during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlug that Taimur occupied Multan and crossed the Indus. [2021]

Consider the following statements:

It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince.
It was during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlug that Taimur occupied Multan and crossed the Indus.
It was during the reign of Deva Raya II of the Vijayanagara Empire that Vasco da Gama reached the coast of Kerala.

Iltutmish (c. 1210–1236 CE) is regarded as the real consolidator of Turkish rule in India. Belonging to the Ilbari tribe, his line is often referred to as the Ilbari dynasty. Around 1220 CE, Genghis Khan (Temujin) launched invasions into Central Asia, leading to the destruction of the Khwarizm Empire. During this turmoil, Jalaluddin Mangbarani, the son of the Khwarizm Shah, sought refuge at Iltutmish’s court while fleeing the Mongols (Genghis Khan reached the banks of the Indus while pursuing Jalal-ad-Din Mangubarni). However, Iltutmish refused him asylum. Through this cautious and diplomatic decision, Iltutmish avoided provoking the Mongols and effectively safeguarded India against a Mongol invasion.

Timur invaded India in 1398 during the reign of Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. Muhammad bin Tughluq had died earlier in 1351.

Devaraya II’s reign was from c.1425–46 CE. Vasco da Gama reached the coast of Calicut (Kerala) in 1498. At that time, the Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by Immadi Narasimha Raya of the Saluva dynasty.
In 1498, the three ships under Vasco da Gama, led by a Gujarati pilot, Abdul Majid, reached Calicut (Kozhikode). At that time, trade in the Indian Ocean was a monopoly of Arab merchants. The ruler of Calicut, the Zamorin, did not like the monopoly and welcomed Vasco Da Gama. Vasco da Gama stayed for three months and returned with goods that sold for sixty times the cost of his journey. This highly profitable trade attracted many traders to trade with the East. He once again came to India in 1502. He wanted to exclude the Arabs and establish a trade monopoly. But Zamorin declined to exclude the Arab merchants.

Deva Raya II (c.1425–46 CE) was one of the Sangama dynasty rulers. He authored well-known works in the Kannada language (Sobagina Sone and Amaruka) and in the Sanskrit language (Mahanataka Sudhanidhi). He also wrote a commentary on the Brahmasutra.
Some of the most noted Kannada poets of the medieval period, such as Chamarasa and Kumara Vyasa gained his patronage. The Sanskrit poet Gunda Dimdima, and gifted Telugu poet Kavisarvabhauma (Emperor among Poets) Srinatha, author of Haravilasam, was also present at his court.
In the case of secular literature, the noted South Indian mathematician, Parameshvara, from the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, lived in his kingdom.
He acquired the title of Gajabetegara, which literally means “Hunter of Elephants”, an honorific title that explained his addiction to hunting elephants or a metaphor referring to his victories against enemies who were “as strong as elephants”.
According to an account of the visiting Persian chronicler Abdur Razzak, Deva Raya II’s empire extended from Ceylon to Gulbarga, and Orissa to the Malabar, and according to Nicolo Conti, the king levied tribute on Ceylon, Quilon, Pegu, and Pulicat.