In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG) as fuel for buses in public transport, consider the following statements:

1. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions.
2. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions.
3. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses.
4. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 4 only
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect

• Tests conducted by the Automotive Research Association of India and Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) have shown that compared to conventional CNG, the use of H-CNG can lower (not eliminate) carbon monoxide emissions by up to 70%, while also achieving fuel savings of up to 5%.

Statement 2 is correct

• H-CNG lowers carbon dioxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from the engine and accelerates the combustion process.

Statement 3 is correct

• Hydrogen can be blended with CNG up to 18% by volume for use in buses and other vehicles.

Statement 4 is incorrect

• The costs associated with H-CNG are slightly higher than CNG. While H-CNG could provide cost advantages in the long run due to enhanced efficiency and lower emissions, it does not automatically make the fuel cheaper than CNG.

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium