In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation techniques?

1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature.
2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.
3. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganisms specifically designed for bioremediation.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 1 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Statements 1 and 3 are correct

• Bioremediation uses microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) to degrade environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. Microorganisms can be specifically designed for bioremediation using genetic engineering techniques.
• Advantages of bioremediation:
  • Destroys a wide variety of contaminants.
  • The destruction of target pollutants is possible.
  • Less expensive and environmentally friendly.

Statement 2 is incorrect

• Disadvantages of bioremediation:
  • Bioremediation is limited to biodegradable compounds.
  • Not all compounds are susceptible to biodegradation.
  • It often takes longer than other treatment processes

Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Easy