Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of

1. algae and bacteria
2. algae and fungi
3. bacteria and fungi
4. fungi and mosses

Explanation

Option (b) is correct

• Lichens are plant-like organisms that consist of a symbiotic association of algae and fungi. Fungi provide shelter, water and minerals to the algae and, in return, the algae provide food. Lichens are very good pollution indicators – they do not grow in polluted areas.

Answer: (b) algae and fungi; Difficulty Level: Easy