With reference to the religious history of medieval India, the Sufi mystics were known to pursue which of the following practices?

1. Meditation and control of breath
2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place
3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy in their audience

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

All are correct

• Meditation and control of breath: Sufi mystics emphasized internal purification and self-awareness, often practicing meditation and breath control as part of their spiritual discipline. These practices were adapted to focus on the remembrance of God (Zikr) and achieving a state of divine connection.
• Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place: Many Sufi saints engaged in ascetic practices, often withdrawing to isolated places for meditation and contemplation. This detachment from worldly pleasures was aimed at focusing entirely on God.
• Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy in their audience: Sufis are well-known for their practice of Sama, which involved the recitation or singing of devotional songs and poetry. This was done to invoke a state of spiritual ecstasy and divine love, both for themselves and their followers.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy