Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of which one of the following theories? [2011]

Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of which one of the following theories?

Empirical liberalism
Existentialism
Darwin’s theory of evolution
Dialectical materialism

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

Karl Marx explained class struggle and the development of human society using the theory of Dialectical Materialism.
This theory:
- Combines dialectics (the idea that change happens through the conflict of opposites) with materialism (the belief that material conditions, especially economic factors, shape society).
- Marx believed that history is driven by the conflict between oppressor and oppressed classes (like bourgeoisie vs. proletariat).
- The contradictions within the economic structure (thesis vs. antithesis) lead to social change (synthesis).

Diagram illustrating Marx's Theory of History through dialectical materialism, showing societal evolution from unorganized society to proletarian rule. Key elements include eras (Primitive Communism, Slavery, Feudalism, Capitalism), class conflicts (e.g., Empire vs. Barbarians, Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat), and progression toward a democratic communist utopia.