Consider the following statements:

1. Assertion (A): Partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the Moderates’ role in the Indian freedom movement.
2. Reason (R): The Surat session of Indian National Congress separated the Extremists from the Moderates.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Explanation

Option (d) is correct

• Assertion is false: Partition of Bengal (1905) weakened Moderates but did not end their role completely. Moderates continued to be active and dominated Congress after the Surat split (1907).
• Reason is true: The Surat Session (1907) led to a split between Moderates and Extremists. Moderates retained control of Congress temporarily.

Answer: (d) A is false, but R is true