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Hawala transactions relate to payments:

  1. Received in rupees against overseas currencies and vice versa without going through official channels
  2. Received for sale of shares without stock exchanges
  3. Received as commission for assisting overseas investors
  4. Made to political parties for election expenses

Explanation

Option (a) is correct
  • Hawala is an informal method of transferring money across borders without using official banking channels, often used to bypass regulations.
Answer: (a) Received in rupees against overseas currencies and vice versa without going through official channels
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