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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
Q1. {S&T – Space} The Polaris Dawn mission, notable for its achievements in space exploration, was recently launched. In this context consider the following statements:
The mission will be the first to feature a spacewalk by non-professional astronauts.
It was launched by NASA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
SpaceX launched its Polaris Dawn mission carrying a four-member civilian crew for the first spacewalk by non-professional astronauts.
It is the first of three testing and development missions under the Polaris Program.
The Polaris Program seeks to demonstrate important operational capabilities that will serve as building blocks to help further human exploration to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
A spacewalk or an “extravehicular activity” is a period of activity spent outside a spacecraft by an astronaut in space. The first-ever spacewalk was carried out in 1965, by a Soviet cosmonaut.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
SpaceX launched its Polaris Dawn mission carrying a four-member civilian crew for the first spacewalk by non-professional astronauts.
It is the first of three testing and development missions under the Polaris Program.
The Polaris Program seeks to demonstrate important operational capabilities that will serve as building blocks to help further human exploration to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
A spacewalk or an “extravehicular activity” is a period of activity spent outside a spacecraft by an astronaut in space. The first-ever spacewalk was carried out in 1965, by a Soviet cosmonaut.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
SpaceX launched its Polaris Dawn mission carrying a four-member civilian crew for the first spacewalk by non-professional astronauts.
It is the first of three testing and development missions under the Polaris Program.
The Polaris Program seeks to demonstrate important operational capabilities that will serve as building blocks to help further human exploration to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
A spacewalk or an “extravehicular activity” is a period of activity spent outside a spacecraft by an astronaut in space. The first-ever spacewalk was carried out in 1965, by a Soviet cosmonaut.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 2 of 8
2. Question
Q2. {S&T – Defence} Consider the following statements:
Malpe and Mulki are Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) vessels being built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).
Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft vessels are equipped with advanced underwater sensors and are capable of performing mine laying, and low-intensity maritime operations.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
The Indian Navy marked a significant milestone with the simultaneous launch of Malpe and Mulki, of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) project.
These are fourth and fifth ships in a series of eight being constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
The are named after strategically important ports along India’s coastline.
The ships are equipped with indigenously developed, state-of-the-art underwater sensors.
Maximum speed: 25 knots. Operational endurance: Up to 1800 nautical miles.
Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft (ASW-SWC): Perform Anti-submarine operations in coastal waters, Low-Intensity Maritime Operations, and Mine Laying Operations. Also equipped with capabilities for the search-and-attack unit (SAU).
The ASW SWC ships will have over 80% indigenous content.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
The Indian Navy marked a significant milestone with the simultaneous launch of Malpe and Mulki, of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) project.
These are fourth and fifth ships in a series of eight being constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
The are named after strategically important ports along India’s coastline.
The ships are equipped with indigenously developed, state-of-the-art underwater sensors.
Maximum speed: 25 knots. Operational endurance: Up to 1800 nautical miles.
Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft (ASW-SWC): Perform Anti-submarine operations in coastal waters, Low-Intensity Maritime Operations, and Mine Laying Operations. Also equipped with capabilities for the search-and-attack unit (SAU).
The ASW SWC ships will have over 80% indigenous content.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
The Indian Navy marked a significant milestone with the simultaneous launch of Malpe and Mulki, of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) project.
These are fourth and fifth ships in a series of eight being constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
The are named after strategically important ports along India’s coastline.
The ships are equipped with indigenously developed, state-of-the-art underwater sensors.
Maximum speed: 25 knots. Operational endurance: Up to 1800 nautical miles.
Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft (ASW-SWC): Perform Anti-submarine operations in coastal waters, Low-Intensity Maritime Operations, and Mine Laying Operations. Also equipped with capabilities for the search-and-attack unit (SAU).
The ASW SWC ships will have over 80% indigenous content.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 3 of 8
3. Question
Q3. {Envi – Species} Consider the following statements regarding the Elongated Tortoise, also known as the Yellow-headed Tortoise:
It is native to Southeast Asia, with a disjunct population in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
It is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
It exhibits sexual dimorphism.
It is herbivorous in nature.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Recently an elongated tortoise was spotted in Haryana.
The Elongated, or Yellow-headed, Tortoise is a medium-sized tortoise.
Distribution: Southeast Asia, particularly Northeast India. A disjunct population exists in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
Habitat: Sal deciduous and hilly evergreen forests
Physical description: Medium-sized with a yellowish brown or olive shell and distinct black blotches at the centre of each scute. The tortoise has on its nostril a pink ring, which appears in the breeding season.
It is sexually dimorphic.
The species is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
Statement 4 is incorrect
The Elongated Tortoise is omnivorous, not herbivorous. It feeds on a varied diet including plants, fallen fruits, flowers, fungi, snails, slugs, and carrion.
They are exploited for food and traditional medicine, habitat destruction, fragmentation, and loss.
Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Recently an elongated tortoise was spotted in Haryana.
The Elongated, or Yellow-headed, Tortoise is a medium-sized tortoise.
Distribution: Southeast Asia, particularly Northeast India. A disjunct population exists in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
Habitat: Sal deciduous and hilly evergreen forests
Physical description: Medium-sized with a yellowish brown or olive shell and distinct black blotches at the centre of each scute. The tortoise has on its nostril a pink ring, which appears in the breeding season.
It is sexually dimorphic.
The species is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
Statement 4 is incorrect
The Elongated Tortoise is omnivorous, not herbivorous. It feeds on a varied diet including plants, fallen fruits, flowers, fungi, snails, slugs, and carrion.
They are exploited for food and traditional medicine, habitat destruction, fragmentation, and loss.
Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Recently an elongated tortoise was spotted in Haryana.
The Elongated, or Yellow-headed, Tortoise is a medium-sized tortoise.
Distribution: Southeast Asia, particularly Northeast India. A disjunct population exists in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
Habitat: Sal deciduous and hilly evergreen forests
Physical description: Medium-sized with a yellowish brown or olive shell and distinct black blotches at the centre of each scute. The tortoise has on its nostril a pink ring, which appears in the breeding season.
It is sexually dimorphic.
The species is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
Statement 4 is incorrect
The Elongated Tortoise is omnivorous, not herbivorous. It feeds on a varied diet including plants, fallen fruits, flowers, fungi, snails, slugs, and carrion.
They are exploited for food and traditional medicine, habitat destruction, fragmentation, and loss.
Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Question 4 of 8
4. Question
Q4. {Infra – Transportation} With reference to the satellite-based toll collection system in India, consider the following statements:
It is a GPS based toll collection system.
It will fully replace the existing FASTag system and other toll collection methods.
A zero-toll corridor of up to 25 km will be introduced for vehicles using the GNSS system.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
The government revised the National Highways Fee (Determination of Rates and Collection) Rules, 2008, incorporating electronic toll collection through satellite-based systems.
These will coexist alongside the current FASTag and Automatic Number Plate Recognition systems.
Further, vehicles not registered in India or those without functioning Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices will continue to be charged standard toll rates.
GPS-based toll collection leverages satellites and in-car tracking systems to calculate tolls based on the distance travelled.
This system utilises satellite-based tracking and GPS technology to charge tolls according to the distance a vehicle covers, thus eliminating the need for physical toll plazas and reducing wait times for drivers.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Additionally, a zero-toll corridor of up to 20 km will be introduced for vehicles using the GNSS system, beyond which tolls will be charged based on the distance travelled.
The GNSS device will be non-transferrable and firmly fitted in the vehicle for user fee collection.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
The government revised the National Highways Fee (Determination of Rates and Collection) Rules, 2008, incorporating electronic toll collection through satellite-based systems.
These will coexist alongside the current FASTag and Automatic Number Plate Recognition systems.
Further, vehicles not registered in India or those without functioning Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices will continue to be charged standard toll rates.
GPS-based toll collection leverages satellites and in-car tracking systems to calculate tolls based on the distance travelled.
This system utilises satellite-based tracking and GPS technology to charge tolls according to the distance a vehicle covers, thus eliminating the need for physical toll plazas and reducing wait times for drivers.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Additionally, a zero-toll corridor of up to 20 km will be introduced for vehicles using the GNSS system, beyond which tolls will be charged based on the distance travelled.
The GNSS device will be non-transferrable and firmly fitted in the vehicle for user fee collection.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
The government revised the National Highways Fee (Determination of Rates and Collection) Rules, 2008, incorporating electronic toll collection through satellite-based systems.
These will coexist alongside the current FASTag and Automatic Number Plate Recognition systems.
Further, vehicles not registered in India or those without functioning Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices will continue to be charged standard toll rates.
GPS-based toll collection leverages satellites and in-car tracking systems to calculate tolls based on the distance travelled.
This system utilises satellite-based tracking and GPS technology to charge tolls according to the distance a vehicle covers, thus eliminating the need for physical toll plazas and reducing wait times for drivers.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Additionally, a zero-toll corridor of up to 20 km will be introduced for vehicles using the GNSS system, beyond which tolls will be charged based on the distance travelled.
The GNSS device will be non-transferrable and firmly fitted in the vehicle for user fee collection.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 5 of 8
5. Question
Q5. {Envi – Wetlands} Myristica magnifica is correctly identified as which of the following?
Correct
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Sacred grove with a Myristica swamp forest in Kumbral, Maharashtra was discovered.
Myristica magnifica is an endangered plant species native to Karnataka and Kerala. The swamp forest is home to 70 individual trees of Myristica magnifica, making it the dominant species in this ecosystem.
Earlier, a Myristica swamp forest was discovered in Sindhudurg district (first such in Maharashtra).
Kumbral patch is revered as a sacred grove dedicated to Lord Shiva, known locally as Bhalandeshwar.
Myristica swamps are considered one of the most threatened freshwater ecosystems globally.
The ecological benefits of swamp forests include groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, natural flood barrier, habitat (e.g. Asian short-clawed otter) and food source for various aquatic and aerial fauna (e.g. fruit of the Myristica tree serves as food for the hornbills).
Answer: (a) Plant; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Sacred grove with a Myristica swamp forest in Kumbral, Maharashtra was discovered.
Myristica magnifica is an endangered plant species native to Karnataka and Kerala. The swamp forest is home to 70 individual trees of Myristica magnifica, making it the dominant species in this ecosystem.
Earlier, a Myristica swamp forest was discovered in Sindhudurg district (first such in Maharashtra).
Kumbral patch is revered as a sacred grove dedicated to Lord Shiva, known locally as Bhalandeshwar.
Myristica swamps are considered one of the most threatened freshwater ecosystems globally.
The ecological benefits of swamp forests include groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, natural flood barrier, habitat (e.g. Asian short-clawed otter) and food source for various aquatic and aerial fauna (e.g. fruit of the Myristica tree serves as food for the hornbills).
Answer: (a) Plant; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Sacred grove with a Myristica swamp forest in Kumbral, Maharashtra was discovered.
Myristica magnifica is an endangered plant species native to Karnataka and Kerala. The swamp forest is home to 70 individual trees of Myristica magnifica, making it the dominant species in this ecosystem.
Earlier, a Myristica swamp forest was discovered in Sindhudurg district (first such in Maharashtra).
Kumbral patch is revered as a sacred grove dedicated to Lord Shiva, known locally as Bhalandeshwar.
Myristica swamps are considered one of the most threatened freshwater ecosystems globally.
The ecological benefits of swamp forests include groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, natural flood barrier, habitat (e.g. Asian short-clawed otter) and food source for various aquatic and aerial fauna (e.g. fruit of the Myristica tree serves as food for the hornbills).
Answer: (a) Plant; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 6 of 8
6. Question
Q6. {MoRD – Schemes} In the context of the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G), which of the following are considered exclusion criteria?
Ownership of “two-wheelers, motorized fishing boats, refrigerators, or landline phones” by the household.
Possession of a Kisan Credit Card with a credit limit of Rs 50,000 or above.
Presence of any member of the household as a government employee.
Select the correct answer using the code provided below:
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Centre relaxed exclusion criteria under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G).
Centre aims to construct two crore additional houses (over and above the target of 2.95 Cr rural houses under the ‘Housing for All’ programme) under the rural housing scheme by 2028-29.
Relaxed criteria now allow families owning “two-wheelers, motorised fishing boats, refrigerators, landline phones” and earning “up to Rs 15,000 per month” to avail of PMAY-G.
Kisan Credit Card with a credit limit of Rs 50,000 or above;
Household with any member as a government employee;
Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with the Government;
Any member of the family paying income tax or professional tax;
Landowners with 2.5 acres or more of irrigated land and households living in houses with pucca roofs and/or pucca walls, and households in houses with more than two rooms.
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Centre relaxed exclusion criteria under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G).
Centre aims to construct two crore additional houses (over and above the target of 2.95 Cr rural houses under the ‘Housing for All’ programme) under the rural housing scheme by 2028-29.
Relaxed criteria now allow families owning “two-wheelers, motorised fishing boats, refrigerators, landline phones” and earning “up to Rs 15,000 per month” to avail of PMAY-G.
Kisan Credit Card with a credit limit of Rs 50,000 or above;
Household with any member as a government employee;
Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with the Government;
Any member of the family paying income tax or professional tax;
Landowners with 2.5 acres or more of irrigated land and households living in houses with pucca roofs and/or pucca walls, and households in houses with more than two rooms.
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Centre relaxed exclusion criteria under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G).
Centre aims to construct two crore additional houses (over and above the target of 2.95 Cr rural houses under the ‘Housing for All’ programme) under the rural housing scheme by 2028-29.
Relaxed criteria now allow families owning “two-wheelers, motorised fishing boats, refrigerators, landline phones” and earning “up to Rs 15,000 per month” to avail of PMAY-G.
Kisan Credit Card with a credit limit of Rs 50,000 or above;
Household with any member as a government employee;
Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with the Government;
Any member of the family paying income tax or professional tax;
Landowners with 2.5 acres or more of irrigated land and households living in houses with pucca roofs and/or pucca walls, and households in houses with more than two rooms.
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Question 7 of 8
7. Question
Q7. {IC – Judiciary} Consider the following statements about the collegium system:
The collegium system was established by an Act of Parliament.
The Supreme Court collegium is led by the Chief Justice of India and includes four other senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
The collegium for High Court appointments includes the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the two senior-most judges of the High Court.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Collegium System is the system by which judges are appointed and transferred by the judges.
It is not formed by an Act or Constitution provision.
It is the system evolved by the judgments of SC.
Statement 2 is correct
SC collegium is headed by the CJI and four other senior-most judges of the court.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The collegium for High Court appointments includes the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. This collegium is required to consult:
The Chief Justice and senior judges of the concerned High Court
The senior-most Supreme Court judge from that High Court
Any Supreme Court judges knowledgeable about that High Court
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Collegium System is the system by which judges are appointed and transferred by the judges.
It is not formed by an Act or Constitution provision.
It is the system evolved by the judgments of SC.
Statement 2 is correct
SC collegium is headed by the CJI and four other senior-most judges of the court.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The collegium for High Court appointments includes the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. This collegium is required to consult:
The Chief Justice and senior judges of the concerned High Court
The senior-most Supreme Court judge from that High Court
Any Supreme Court judges knowledgeable about that High Court
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Collegium System is the system by which judges are appointed and transferred by the judges.
It is not formed by an Act or Constitution provision.
It is the system evolved by the judgments of SC.
Statement 2 is correct
SC collegium is headed by the CJI and four other senior-most judges of the court.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The collegium for High Court appointments includes the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. This collegium is required to consult:
The Chief Justice and senior judges of the concerned High Court
The senior-most Supreme Court judge from that High Court
Any Supreme Court judges knowledgeable about that High Court
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 8 of 8
8. Question
Q8. {IE – Industry} With reference to copper, consider the following statements:
Copper is designated as a critical mineral by the central goverment.
Copper forms bronze when alloyed with zinc.
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh together account for more than two-thirds of the copper reserves in India.
How many of the statements given above are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
As global demand for copper surges, India faces stagnation in domestic production, leading to a significant increase in copper concentrate imports.
Copper is now designated as a critical mineral. Its role in clean energy technologies, such as wind turbines and EV batteries, has increased its importance.
Government has released a list of 30 critical minerals for India. These minerals are Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Graphite, Hafnium, Indium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Nickel, PGE, Phosphorous, Potash, REE,Rhenium, Silicon, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium,Zirconium, Selenium and Cadmium.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is ductile [able to be drawn out into a thin wire].
It is an important metal used by automobile and defense industries.
Alloyed with iron and nickel to make stainless steel.
Alloyed with nickel to make ‘morel metal’.
Alloyed with aluminium to make ‘duralumin’.
When alloyed with zinc it is known as ‘brass’ and with tin as ‘bronze’.
Statement 3 is correct
Copper Reserves in India
46 million tonnes.
Rajasthan (50%)
Madhya Pradesh (24%)
Jharkhand (19%)
The rest 7 per cent in AP, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka etc.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
As global demand for copper surges, India faces stagnation in domestic production, leading to a significant increase in copper concentrate imports.
Copper is now designated as a critical mineral. Its role in clean energy technologies, such as wind turbines and EV batteries, has increased its importance.
Government has released a list of 30 critical minerals for India. These minerals are Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Graphite, Hafnium, Indium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Nickel, PGE, Phosphorous, Potash, REE,Rhenium, Silicon, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium,Zirconium, Selenium and Cadmium.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is ductile [able to be drawn out into a thin wire].
It is an important metal used by automobile and defense industries.
Alloyed with iron and nickel to make stainless steel.
Alloyed with nickel to make ‘morel metal’.
Alloyed with aluminium to make ‘duralumin’.
When alloyed with zinc it is known as ‘brass’ and with tin as ‘bronze’.
Statement 3 is correct
Copper Reserves in India
46 million tonnes.
Rajasthan (50%)
Madhya Pradesh (24%)
Jharkhand (19%)
The rest 7 per cent in AP, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka etc.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
As global demand for copper surges, India faces stagnation in domestic production, leading to a significant increase in copper concentrate imports.
Copper is now designated as a critical mineral. Its role in clean energy technologies, such as wind turbines and EV batteries, has increased its importance.
Government has released a list of 30 critical minerals for India. These minerals are Antimony, Beryllium, Bismuth, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Germanium, Graphite, Hafnium, Indium, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Nickel, PGE, Phosphorous, Potash, REE,Rhenium, Silicon, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium,Zirconium, Selenium and Cadmium.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is ductile [able to be drawn out into a thin wire].
It is an important metal used by automobile and defense industries.
Alloyed with iron and nickel to make stainless steel.
Alloyed with nickel to make ‘morel metal’.
Alloyed with aluminium to make ‘duralumin’.
When alloyed with zinc it is known as ‘brass’ and with tin as ‘bronze’.
Statement 3 is correct
Copper Reserves in India
46 million tonnes.
Rajasthan (50%)
Madhya Pradesh (24%)
Jharkhand (19%)
The rest 7 per cent in AP, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka etc.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
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