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November 05 2024 Current Affairs MCQs
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[Quiz] Daily Current Affairs MCQs – November 05 2024
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These MCQs are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs. The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here. Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
Q1. {Polity – IC – FRs} Which of the following fundamental rights are violated by caste-based labor assignments in prisons?
- Article 15
- Article 17
- Article 23
- Article 14
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- SC in the Sukanya Shantha case ruled against caste-based discrimination in prisons.
- Key Observations by the SC:
- Unfulfilled Aspirations: Dr. Ambedkar’s vision of a casteless society is still unrealized.
- Manual Scavenging and Forced Labor: Referencing the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act 2013, the SC stated that no community should be stigmatized as a ‘scavenger class’, especially in prisons.
- Examples of State-Specific discrimination cited by SC: Thevars, Nadars, and Pallars were segregated in TN’s Palayamkottai Central Jail, and specific castes were assigned sweeping duties in WB.
- Outdated Prison Manuals: Provisions in state prison manuals retain colonial casteist legacies.
- Investigative Journalism is crucial in prompting legal action and driving reforms.
- Caste-based labor assignments in prisons undermine human dignity and violate fundamental rights:
- Article 15(1): The practice of assigning menial tasks based on caste was found discriminatory.
- Article 17: Segregating prisoners and assigning work based on caste amounted to untouchability.
- Article 23: Forced labor based on caste was deemed a violation of this article.
- Article 14: Categorising prisoners based on caste instead of merit breaches the principle of equality before the law and undermines substantive equality.
Answer: (c) All four; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- SC in the Sukanya Shantha case ruled against caste-based discrimination in prisons.
- Key Observations by the SC:
- Unfulfilled Aspirations: Dr. Ambedkar’s vision of a casteless society is still unrealized.
- Manual Scavenging and Forced Labor: Referencing the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act 2013, the SC stated that no community should be stigmatized as a ‘scavenger class’, especially in prisons.
- Examples of State-Specific discrimination cited by SC: Thevars, Nadars, and Pallars were segregated in TN’s Palayamkottai Central Jail, and specific castes were assigned sweeping duties in WB.
- Outdated Prison Manuals: Provisions in state prison manuals retain colonial casteist legacies.
- Investigative Journalism is crucial in prompting legal action and driving reforms.
- Caste-based labor assignments in prisons undermine human dignity and violate fundamental rights:
- Article 15(1): The practice of assigning menial tasks based on caste was found discriminatory.
- Article 17: Segregating prisoners and assigning work based on caste amounted to untouchability.
- Article 23: Forced labor based on caste was deemed a violation of this article.
- Article 14: Categorising prisoners based on caste instead of merit breaches the principle of equality before the law and undermines substantive equality.
Answer: (c) All four; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- SC in the Sukanya Shantha case ruled against caste-based discrimination in prisons.
- Key Observations by the SC:
- Unfulfilled Aspirations: Dr. Ambedkar’s vision of a casteless society is still unrealized.
- Manual Scavenging and Forced Labor: Referencing the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act 2013, the SC stated that no community should be stigmatized as a ‘scavenger class’, especially in prisons.
- Examples of State-Specific discrimination cited by SC: Thevars, Nadars, and Pallars were segregated in TN’s Palayamkottai Central Jail, and specific castes were assigned sweeping duties in WB.
- Outdated Prison Manuals: Provisions in state prison manuals retain colonial casteist legacies.
- Investigative Journalism is crucial in prompting legal action and driving reforms.
- Caste-based labor assignments in prisons undermine human dignity and violate fundamental rights:
- Article 15(1): The practice of assigning menial tasks based on caste was found discriminatory.
- Article 17: Segregating prisoners and assigning work based on caste amounted to untouchability.
- Article 23: Forced labor based on caste was deemed a violation of this article.
- Article 14: Categorising prisoners based on caste instead of merit breaches the principle of equality before the law and undermines substantive equality.
Answer: (c) All four; Difficulty Level: Easy
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Question 2 of 8
2. Question
Q2. {Prelims – S&T – Space} Which of the following best describes V404 Cygni, recently observed by scientists?
Correct
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Scientists have identified a unique black hole triple system in space for the first time. The black hole, named V404 Cygni, was detected while analyzing a collection of celestial observations.
- Situated in the constellation Cygnus, V404 Cygni has a mass about nine times that of our Sun.
- It may have formed through the “direct collapse” process, where the star caves in after expending all its fuel but does not explode.
- Black Hole Triple System comprises a black hole at its center, currently consuming a small star spiraling very close to it.
- There is also a second star, which appears to be circling the black hole but is far away.
- Many black holes discovered until now have been part of binary systems, consisting of a black hole and a secondary object (such as a star or another black hole).
- But the black hole triple not only has one star which orbits the black hole about every 6.5 days, but also a more far-off star that orbits it every 70,000 years.
Answer: (c) A unique triple black hole system situated in the constellation Cygnus; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Scientists have identified a unique black hole triple system in space for the first time. The black hole, named V404 Cygni, was detected while analyzing a collection of celestial observations.
- Situated in the constellation Cygnus, V404 Cygni has a mass about nine times that of our Sun.
- It may have formed through the “direct collapse” process, where the star caves in after expending all its fuel but does not explode.
- Black Hole Triple System comprises a black hole at its center, currently consuming a small star spiraling very close to it.
- There is also a second star, which appears to be circling the black hole but is far away.
- Many black holes discovered until now have been part of binary systems, consisting of a black hole and a secondary object (such as a star or another black hole).
- But the black hole triple not only has one star which orbits the black hole about every 6.5 days, but also a more far-off star that orbits it every 70,000 years.
Answer: (c) A unique triple black hole system situated in the constellation Cygnus; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Scientists have identified a unique black hole triple system in space for the first time. The black hole, named V404 Cygni, was detected while analyzing a collection of celestial observations.
- Situated in the constellation Cygnus, V404 Cygni has a mass about nine times that of our Sun.
- It may have formed through the “direct collapse” process, where the star caves in after expending all its fuel but does not explode.
- Black Hole Triple System comprises a black hole at its center, currently consuming a small star spiraling very close to it.
- There is also a second star, which appears to be circling the black hole but is far away.
- Many black holes discovered until now have been part of binary systems, consisting of a black hole and a secondary object (such as a star or another black hole).
- But the black hole triple not only has one star which orbits the black hole about every 6.5 days, but also a more far-off star that orbits it every 70,000 years.
Answer: (c) A unique triple black hole system situated in the constellation Cygnus; Difficulty Level: Medium
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Question 3 of 8
3. Question
Q3. {Prelims – PIN World – Asia} In which country is Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki, the volcano that recently erupted, causing earthquakes and mass evacuations, located?
Correct
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in Indonesia set off earthquakes, leading to fatalities, extensive property destruction, and mass evacuations in the affected region.
- Twin Peaks: Part of the Lewotobi twin volcanic complex, including Lewotobi Laki-Laki (Male) and Lewotobi Perempuan (Female) stratovolcanoes.
- Geological Importance: Positioned within the “Ring of Fire,” an area of vigorous tectonic activity.
- Historical Names: Historically known as Lobetabi, Lovotivo, and Loby Toby.
Answer: (b) Indonesia; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in Indonesia set off earthquakes, leading to fatalities, extensive property destruction, and mass evacuations in the affected region.
- Twin Peaks: Part of the Lewotobi twin volcanic complex, including Lewotobi Laki-Laki (Male) and Lewotobi Perempuan (Female) stratovolcanoes.
- Geological Importance: Positioned within the “Ring of Fire,” an area of vigorous tectonic activity.
- Historical Names: Historically known as Lobetabi, Lovotivo, and Loby Toby.
Answer: (b) Indonesia; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in Indonesia set off earthquakes, leading to fatalities, extensive property destruction, and mass evacuations in the affected region.
- Twin Peaks: Part of the Lewotobi twin volcanic complex, including Lewotobi Laki-Laki (Male) and Lewotobi Perempuan (Female) stratovolcanoes.
- Geological Importance: Positioned within the “Ring of Fire,” an area of vigorous tectonic activity.
- Historical Names: Historically known as Lobetabi, Lovotivo, and Loby Toby.
Answer: (b) Indonesia; Difficulty Level: Easy
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Question 4 of 8
4. Question
Q4. {Prelims – Awards} Consider the following statements regarding the prestigious Ballon d’Or award:
- It is a football award conferred by FIFA to honor the best-performing player of the previous season.
- It is awarded on an annual basis.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- It is an annual football award presented by France Football magazine since 1956 to honor the best-performing player of the previous season.
- Lionel Messi holds the record for the most Ballon d’Or awards, having won it eight times.
- The 2024 Ballon d’Or awards were announced.
- Men’s Ballon d’Or: Rodri (Spain, Manchester City)
- Women’s Ballon d’Or: Aitana Bonmatí (Spain, Barcelona).
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- It is an annual football award presented by France Football magazine since 1956 to honor the best-performing player of the previous season.
- Lionel Messi holds the record for the most Ballon d’Or awards, having won it eight times.
- The 2024 Ballon d’Or awards were announced.
- Men’s Ballon d’Or: Rodri (Spain, Manchester City)
- Women’s Ballon d’Or: Aitana Bonmatí (Spain, Barcelona).
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- It is an annual football award presented by France Football magazine since 1956 to honor the best-performing player of the previous season.
- Lionel Messi holds the record for the most Ballon d’Or awards, having won it eight times.
- The 2024 Ballon d’Or awards were announced.
- Men’s Ballon d’Or: Rodri (Spain, Manchester City)
- Women’s Ballon d’Or: Aitana Bonmatí (Spain, Barcelona).
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 5 of 8
5. Question
Q5. {Envi – Issues} Inbreeding refers to the mating of related animals. In this context, consider the following potential risks and consequences:
- Congenital disabilities
- Behavioral problems
- Quality decline leading to reduced lifespan
- Inbreeding depression
- Increased genetic disorders due to heterozygosity
- Higher vitality
Which of the risks and consequences listed above are associated with inbreeding?
Correct
Explanation
Options 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct, and Options 5 and 6 are incorrect
- Risks and Consequences of Inbreeding include;
- Health Issues: Inbreeding increases the risk of breed-specific problems and congenital disabilities.
- Behavioral Problems: Inbred animals may show aggression and unpredictability.
- Quality Decline: It leads to reduced lifespan and fertility.
- Shortened Lifespan: Weakened immune systems lead to greater disease susceptibility
- Inbreeding Depression: Results in lower vitality and higher mortality due to limited genetic diversity.
- Genetic Disorders: Higher prevalence of harmful recessive genes due to homozygosity.
Answer: (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Options 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct, and Options 5 and 6 are incorrect
- Risks and Consequences of Inbreeding include;
- Health Issues: Inbreeding increases the risk of breed-specific problems and congenital disabilities.
- Behavioral Problems: Inbred animals may show aggression and unpredictability.
- Quality Decline: It leads to reduced lifespan and fertility.
- Shortened Lifespan: Weakened immune systems lead to greater disease susceptibility
- Inbreeding Depression: Results in lower vitality and higher mortality due to limited genetic diversity.
- Genetic Disorders: Higher prevalence of harmful recessive genes due to homozygosity.
Answer: (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Options 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct, and Options 5 and 6 are incorrect
- Risks and Consequences of Inbreeding include;
- Health Issues: Inbreeding increases the risk of breed-specific problems and congenital disabilities.
- Behavioral Problems: Inbred animals may show aggression and unpredictability.
- Quality Decline: It leads to reduced lifespan and fertility.
- Shortened Lifespan: Weakened immune systems lead to greater disease susceptibility
- Inbreeding Depression: Results in lower vitality and higher mortality due to limited genetic diversity.
- Genetic Disorders: Higher prevalence of harmful recessive genes due to homozygosity.
Answer: (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4; Difficulty Level: Easy
-
Question 6 of 8
6. Question
Q6. {Social Sector – Health – Issues} Consider the following statements regarding orphan drugs:
- Statement-I: For a drug to be designated as an orphan drug, the associated disease must have a low prevalence and lack approved treatment options.
- Statement-II: Orphan drugs are pharmaceutical agents specifically developed to treat rare diseases.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Explanation
Both Statement I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
- Orphan drugs are pharmaceutical agents specifically developed to treat rare diseases.
- These conditions, although impacting a small portion of the population, often lead to severe, life-threatening, or chronically debilitating conditions.
- Classification of Orphan Drugs is based on the disease they treat:
- Genetic Disorders: Examples include cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
- Rare Cancers: Examples include neuroblastoma and gliomas.
- Metabolic Disorders: Examples include Gaucher’s disease and Fabry’s disease.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Examples include systemic sclerosis.
- They are also categorized based on their regulatory status, impacting their availability.
- General Criteria for Orphan Drug Designation:
- The disease must have a low prevalence.
- The condition must lack approved treatments, or the drug must provide benefits over current options.
- Developers must provide evidence of the drug’s potential effectiveness at any stage of development.
Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Both Statement I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
- Orphan drugs are pharmaceutical agents specifically developed to treat rare diseases.
- These conditions, although impacting a small portion of the population, often lead to severe, life-threatening, or chronically debilitating conditions.
- Classification of Orphan Drugs is based on the disease they treat:
- Genetic Disorders: Examples include cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
- Rare Cancers: Examples include neuroblastoma and gliomas.
- Metabolic Disorders: Examples include Gaucher’s disease and Fabry’s disease.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Examples include systemic sclerosis.
- They are also categorized based on their regulatory status, impacting their availability.
- General Criteria for Orphan Drug Designation:
- The disease must have a low prevalence.
- The condition must lack approved treatments, or the drug must provide benefits over current options.
- Developers must provide evidence of the drug’s potential effectiveness at any stage of development.
Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Both Statement I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
- Orphan drugs are pharmaceutical agents specifically developed to treat rare diseases.
- These conditions, although impacting a small portion of the population, often lead to severe, life-threatening, or chronically debilitating conditions.
- Classification of Orphan Drugs is based on the disease they treat:
- Genetic Disorders: Examples include cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
- Rare Cancers: Examples include neuroblastoma and gliomas.
- Metabolic Disorders: Examples include Gaucher’s disease and Fabry’s disease.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Examples include systemic sclerosis.
- They are also categorized based on their regulatory status, impacting their availability.
- General Criteria for Orphan Drug Designation:
- The disease must have a low prevalence.
- The condition must lack approved treatments, or the drug must provide benefits over current options.
- Developers must provide evidence of the drug’s potential effectiveness at any stage of development.
Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 7 of 8
7. Question
Q7. {Vulnerable Sections – Women} With reference to the ILO report ‘The Impact of Care Responsibilities on Women’s Labour Participation (WLP)’, which highlights barriers to women’s workforce participation in India due to caregiving, consider the following statements:
- More than half of Indian women are out of the labor force due to caregiving.
- Only 10% of men in India are out of the workforce due to caregiving.
- More than 90% of women in India are outside the labor force due to personal or family reasons.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 2 is incorrect, and Statements 1 and 3 are correct
- The ILO report ‘The Impact of Care Responsibilities on Women’s Labour Participation (WLP)’ highlights barriers to women’s workforce participation in India due to caregiving.
- Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is the percentage of persons in the labor force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the population.
- Key Findings from the ILO Report:
- High Proportion of Women Outside the Labour Force: 53% of Indian women are out of the labor force due to caregiving, compared to just 1.1% of men.
- Personal and Family Reasons: 97.8% of women and 91.4% of men in India are outside the labor force due to personal or family reasons.
- Unpaid Work: The 2023-24 PLFS shows 36.7% of females and 19.4% of the workforce in India do unpaid household work, a slight drop from 37.5% and 18.3% in 2022-23.
- Time Spent on Unpaid Care Activities: The 2019 Time Use Survey by NSO showed that 81% of females aged 6+ spend over five hours daily on unpaid domestic work, rising to 85.1% for ages 15-29 and 92% for ages 15-59. Men, in contrast, spend just over one hour daily on such tasks.
- Caregiving Responsibilities: 26.2% of females aged 6+ provide over two hours of unpaid caregiving daily, compared to 12.4% of males, with the highest burden on younger women (38.4% for ages 15-29).
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 2 is incorrect, and Statements 1 and 3 are correct
- The ILO report ‘The Impact of Care Responsibilities on Women’s Labour Participation (WLP)’ highlights barriers to women’s workforce participation in India due to caregiving.
- Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is the percentage of persons in the labor force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the population.
- Key Findings from the ILO Report:
- High Proportion of Women Outside the Labour Force: 53% of Indian women are out of the labor force due to caregiving, compared to just 1.1% of men.
- Personal and Family Reasons: 97.8% of women and 91.4% of men in India are outside the labor force due to personal or family reasons.
- Unpaid Work: The 2023-24 PLFS shows 36.7% of females and 19.4% of the workforce in India do unpaid household work, a slight drop from 37.5% and 18.3% in 2022-23.
- Time Spent on Unpaid Care Activities: The 2019 Time Use Survey by NSO showed that 81% of females aged 6+ spend over five hours daily on unpaid domestic work, rising to 85.1% for ages 15-29 and 92% for ages 15-59. Men, in contrast, spend just over one hour daily on such tasks.
- Caregiving Responsibilities: 26.2% of females aged 6+ provide over two hours of unpaid caregiving daily, compared to 12.4% of males, with the highest burden on younger women (38.4% for ages 15-29).
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 2 is incorrect, and Statements 1 and 3 are correct
- The ILO report ‘The Impact of Care Responsibilities on Women’s Labour Participation (WLP)’ highlights barriers to women’s workforce participation in India due to caregiving.
- Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is the percentage of persons in the labor force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the population.
- Key Findings from the ILO Report:
- High Proportion of Women Outside the Labour Force: 53% of Indian women are out of the labor force due to caregiving, compared to just 1.1% of men.
- Personal and Family Reasons: 97.8% of women and 91.4% of men in India are outside the labor force due to personal or family reasons.
- Unpaid Work: The 2023-24 PLFS shows 36.7% of females and 19.4% of the workforce in India do unpaid household work, a slight drop from 37.5% and 18.3% in 2022-23.
- Time Spent on Unpaid Care Activities: The 2019 Time Use Survey by NSO showed that 81% of females aged 6+ spend over five hours daily on unpaid domestic work, rising to 85.1% for ages 15-29 and 92% for ages 15-59. Men, in contrast, spend just over one hour daily on such tasks.
- Caregiving Responsibilities: 26.2% of females aged 6+ provide over two hours of unpaid caregiving daily, compared to 12.4% of males, with the highest burden on younger women (38.4% for ages 15-29).
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
-
Question 8 of 8
8. Question
Q8. {Prelims – S&T – Space} Which of the following is not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Option (c) is incorrect
- Laika, the Space Dog: Dog Laika from Russia became the first living creature to orbit the Earth, highlighting the possibilities of human spaceflight.
- 67 Years Completed for the Sputnik 2 mission. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, just a month after the successful launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite.
- Beyond proving that a living organism could survive in space, the mission aimed to study the impact of space travel on living organisms and gather data on the Earth’s radiation belts and solar wind.
Answer: (c) A cat named Laika was the first living creature to orbit the Earth; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (c) is incorrect
- Laika, the Space Dog: Dog Laika from Russia became the first living creature to orbit the Earth, highlighting the possibilities of human spaceflight.
- 67 Years Completed for the Sputnik 2 mission. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, just a month after the successful launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite.
- Beyond proving that a living organism could survive in space, the mission aimed to study the impact of space travel on living organisms and gather data on the Earth’s radiation belts and solar wind.
Answer: (c) A cat named Laika was the first living creature to orbit the Earth; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (c) is incorrect
- Laika, the Space Dog: Dog Laika from Russia became the first living creature to orbit the Earth, highlighting the possibilities of human spaceflight.
- 67 Years Completed for the Sputnik 2 mission. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, just a month after the successful launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite.
- Beyond proving that a living organism could survive in space, the mission aimed to study the impact of space travel on living organisms and gather data on the Earth’s radiation belts and solar wind.
Answer: (c) A cat named Laika was the first living creature to orbit the Earth; Difficulty Level: Easy
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