During a geomagnetic reversal, the Earth’s magnetic field does weaken, which can have significant effects.
A weakened magnetic field provides less protectionagainst solar and cosmic radiation, potentially leading to:
Biological Effects: Increased exposure to harmful solar radiation can affect living organisms, including potential impacts on cellular and DNA levels.
Animal Navigation: Many species, such as migratory birds and sea turtles, use the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. A disrupted or weakened magnetic field can interfere with their ability to migrate accurately.
Technological Impacts: The magnetic field also plays a crucial role in protecting technological systems. A weakened field can lead to increased radiation exposure for satellites, disruptions in communication systems, and potential impacts on power grids.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten nickel and iron in the outer core, not the inner core.
The inner core is solid, while the outer core is liquid and dynamic.
The convection currents and fluid motions in the outer corecreate and maintain the geomagnetic field.
During a geomagnetic reversal, the Earth’s magnetic field does weaken, which can have significant effects.
A weakened magnetic field provides less protectionagainst solar and cosmic radiation, potentially leading to:
Biological Effects: Increased exposure to harmful solar radiation can affect living organisms, including potential impacts on cellular and DNA levels.
Animal Navigation: Many species, such as migratory birds and sea turtles, use the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. A disrupted or weakened magnetic field can interfere with their ability to migrate accurately.
Technological Impacts: The magnetic field also plays a crucial role in protecting technological systems. A weakened field can lead to increased radiation exposure for satellites, disruptions in communication systems, and potential impacts on power grids.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten nickel and iron in the outer core, not the inner core.
The inner core is solid, while the outer core is liquid and dynamic.
The convection currents and fluid motions in the outer corecreate and maintain the geomagnetic field.
During a geomagnetic reversal, the Earth’s magnetic field does weaken, which can have significant effects.
A weakened magnetic field provides less protectionagainst solar and cosmic radiation, potentially leading to:
Biological Effects: Increased exposure to harmful solar radiation can affect living organisms, including potential impacts on cellular and DNA levels.
Animal Navigation: Many species, such as migratory birds and sea turtles, use the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. A disrupted or weakened magnetic field can interfere with their ability to migrate accurately.
Technological Impacts: The magnetic field also plays a crucial role in protecting technological systems. A weakened field can lead to increased radiation exposure for satellites, disruptions in communication systems, and potential impacts on power grids.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 2 of 6
2. Question
Q2. {MIH – Events} Consider the following statements:
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) led the Civil Disobedience Movement march in Tamil Nadu from Tiruchirappalli to Tuticorin.
Sucheta Kripalani was a member of the Constituent Assembly from the Madras province.
Rajaji opposed Quit India Movement and formed the Swatantra Party in reaction to the Indian National Congress’s increasingly socialist and statist outlook.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Gandhi’s associate, C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), assumed the responsibility of leading the Civil Disobedience Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Rajaji commenced the Satyagraha on April 13, 1930. It was accompanied by the song “Kathiyindri, rathamindri, yudham ondru varugudhu” by poet Namakkal V. Ramalingam Pillai.
He marched approximately 150 miles from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam (Nagapattinam district).
Sardar Vedaratnam Pillai, a salt merchant and Gandhian, influencedRajaji’s choice of Vedaranyam over Tuticorin for the march.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Sucheta Kripalani participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement march organised by Rajaji.
In 1946, Kripalani was elected to the Constituent Assembly from the United Provinces.
She was a member of the Flag Presentation Committee.
She accompanied Gandhi to Bengal during the Indian partition riots.
She served as a Secretary to the Relief and Rehabilitation Committee set up by the Congress Party.
She was one of the first few women parliamentarians in independent India.
Statement 3 is correct
C. Rajagopalachari opposed and eventually dissociated himself from the Quit India Movement.
Rajaji formed the Swatantra Party in reaction to the Indian National Congress’s increasingly socialist and statist outlook.
Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the Licence Raj.
Rajagopalachari died in 1972, and his party was dissolved two years later.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Gandhi’s associate, C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), assumed the responsibility of leading the Civil Disobedience Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Rajaji commenced the Satyagraha on April 13, 1930. It was accompanied by the song “Kathiyindri, rathamindri, yudham ondru varugudhu” by poet Namakkal V. Ramalingam Pillai.
He marched approximately 150 miles from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam (Nagapattinam district).
Sardar Vedaratnam Pillai, a salt merchant and Gandhian, influencedRajaji’s choice of Vedaranyam over Tuticorin for the march.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Sucheta Kripalani participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement march organised by Rajaji.
In 1946, Kripalani was elected to the Constituent Assembly from the United Provinces.
She was a member of the Flag Presentation Committee.
She accompanied Gandhi to Bengal during the Indian partition riots.
She served as a Secretary to the Relief and Rehabilitation Committee set up by the Congress Party.
She was one of the first few women parliamentarians in independent India.
Statement 3 is correct
C. Rajagopalachari opposed and eventually dissociated himself from the Quit India Movement.
Rajaji formed the Swatantra Party in reaction to the Indian National Congress’s increasingly socialist and statist outlook.
Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the Licence Raj.
Rajagopalachari died in 1972, and his party was dissolved two years later.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Gandhi’s associate, C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), assumed the responsibility of leading the Civil Disobedience Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Rajaji commenced the Satyagraha on April 13, 1930. It was accompanied by the song “Kathiyindri, rathamindri, yudham ondru varugudhu” by poet Namakkal V. Ramalingam Pillai.
He marched approximately 150 miles from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam (Nagapattinam district).
Sardar Vedaratnam Pillai, a salt merchant and Gandhian, influencedRajaji’s choice of Vedaranyam over Tuticorin for the march.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Sucheta Kripalani participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement march organised by Rajaji.
In 1946, Kripalani was elected to the Constituent Assembly from the United Provinces.
She was a member of the Flag Presentation Committee.
She accompanied Gandhi to Bengal during the Indian partition riots.
She served as a Secretary to the Relief and Rehabilitation Committee set up by the Congress Party.
She was one of the first few women parliamentarians in independent India.
Statement 3 is correct
C. Rajagopalachari opposed and eventually dissociated himself from the Quit India Movement.
Rajaji formed the Swatantra Party in reaction to the Indian National Congress’s increasingly socialist and statist outlook.
Swatantra stood for a market-based economy and the dismantling of the Licence Raj.
Rajagopalachari died in 1972, and his party was dissolved two years later.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 3 of 6
3. Question
Q3. {Envi – Species} Consider the following statements:
Mitogenomes are paternally inherited and can be used to track a species’ ancestry due to the regular rate of gene mutation over time.
The new Mitogenome Study of South Africa’s Leopards has found that South African leopards originated from a single clade (sub-familia) that emerged approximately 0.8 million years ago.
The Mid-Pleistocene period was characterized by alternating cool, dry cycles and warm, wet climates, influencing the movement and genetic differentiation of leopard populations.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Mitogenomes are maternally inherited, meaning they are passed from mother to offspring.
This unique mode of inheritance makes mitogenomes a powerful tool for tracing maternal lineage and ancestry.
Additionally, because the mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA is relatively constant, it allows scientists to estimate the timing of evolutionary events and track genetic changes over time, making it reliable for studying species’ ancestry.
This differentiation is significant because it indicates a more complex evolutionary history and suggests that these two clades likely evolved in response to different environmental pressures during the Mid-Pleistocene.
Statement 3 is correct
The Mid-Pleistocene period, often referred to as the Ice Age, was marked by significant climatic fluctuations.
These alternatingcool and dry cycles, followed bywarm and wet climates, drastically altered the landscapes across Africa.
As a result, habitats like savanna grasslandsexpanded and contracted, forcing leopard populations to migrate in search of suitable prey.
During the dry periods, expanding deserts created barriers that isolated leopard populations, leading to genetic differentiation over time as the isolated groups evolved separately.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Mitogenomes are maternally inherited, meaning they are passed from mother to offspring.
This unique mode of inheritance makes mitogenomes a powerful tool for tracing maternal lineage and ancestry.
Additionally, because the mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA is relatively constant, it allows scientists to estimate the timing of evolutionary events and track genetic changes over time, making it reliable for studying species’ ancestry.
This differentiation is significant because it indicates a more complex evolutionary history and suggests that these two clades likely evolved in response to different environmental pressures during the Mid-Pleistocene.
Statement 3 is correct
The Mid-Pleistocene period, often referred to as the Ice Age, was marked by significant climatic fluctuations.
These alternatingcool and dry cycles, followed bywarm and wet climates, drastically altered the landscapes across Africa.
As a result, habitats like savanna grasslandsexpanded and contracted, forcing leopard populations to migrate in search of suitable prey.
During the dry periods, expanding deserts created barriers that isolated leopard populations, leading to genetic differentiation over time as the isolated groups evolved separately.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Mitogenomes are maternally inherited, meaning they are passed from mother to offspring.
This unique mode of inheritance makes mitogenomes a powerful tool for tracing maternal lineage and ancestry.
Additionally, because the mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA is relatively constant, it allows scientists to estimate the timing of evolutionary events and track genetic changes over time, making it reliable for studying species’ ancestry.
This differentiation is significant because it indicates a more complex evolutionary history and suggests that these two clades likely evolved in response to different environmental pressures during the Mid-Pleistocene.
Statement 3 is correct
The Mid-Pleistocene period, often referred to as the Ice Age, was marked by significant climatic fluctuations.
These alternatingcool and dry cycles, followed bywarm and wet climates, drastically altered the landscapes across Africa.
As a result, habitats like savanna grasslandsexpanded and contracted, forcing leopard populations to migrate in search of suitable prey.
During the dry periods, expanding deserts created barriers that isolated leopard populations, leading to genetic differentiation over time as the isolated groups evolved separately.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 4 of 6
4. Question
Q4. {S&T – Space} Consider the following statements regarding NASA’s PREFIRE:
The PREFIRE mission involves two different satellites that will orbit the equatorial and polar regions of Earth asynchronously.
PREFIRE aims to measure the complete spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions for the first time.
The mission will provide data to improve predictions of future changes in heat exchange between Earth and space and their effects on phenomena like ice sheet melting and global weather.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
The PREFIRE mission involves two tinytwinsatellites that will orbit the near-polar regions of Earth asynchronously, not the equatorial regions.
These satellites are designed to pass over the same spot on Earth at different times to maximize coverage and provide comprehensive data on the radiant energy emitted by Earth’s polar regions.
Statement 2 is correct
The PREFIRE mission‘s primary objective is to measure the complete spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions, which has never beensystematically measured before.
This data is crucial for understanding the total heat energyradiated into space from these regions and will fill a significant gap in our knowledge of Earth’s energy budget.
Statement 3 is correct
One of the significant goals of the PREFIRE mission is to gather data that will enhance the accuracy of climate models and improve predictions of future changes in heat exchange between Earth and space.
This information is vital for understanding and forecasting the effects of these changes on various phenomena, including ice sheet melting, atmospheric temperatures, and global weather patterns.
The data from PREFIRE will help scientists understand why the Arctic has warmed faster than the rest of the planet and how different substances like snow, sea ice, and clouds impact the far-infrared heat radiation escaping into space.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
The PREFIRE mission involves two tinytwinsatellites that will orbit the near-polar regions of Earth asynchronously, not the equatorial regions.
These satellites are designed to pass over the same spot on Earth at different times to maximize coverage and provide comprehensive data on the radiant energy emitted by Earth’s polar regions.
Statement 2 is correct
The PREFIRE mission‘s primary objective is to measure the complete spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions, which has never beensystematically measured before.
This data is crucial for understanding the total heat energyradiated into space from these regions and will fill a significant gap in our knowledge of Earth’s energy budget.
Statement 3 is correct
One of the significant goals of the PREFIRE mission is to gather data that will enhance the accuracy of climate models and improve predictions of future changes in heat exchange between Earth and space.
This information is vital for understanding and forecasting the effects of these changes on various phenomena, including ice sheet melting, atmospheric temperatures, and global weather patterns.
The data from PREFIRE will help scientists understand why the Arctic has warmed faster than the rest of the planet and how different substances like snow, sea ice, and clouds impact the far-infrared heat radiation escaping into space.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
The PREFIRE mission involves two tinytwinsatellites that will orbit the near-polar regions of Earth asynchronously, not the equatorial regions.
These satellites are designed to pass over the same spot on Earth at different times to maximize coverage and provide comprehensive data on the radiant energy emitted by Earth’s polar regions.
Statement 2 is correct
The PREFIRE mission‘s primary objective is to measure the complete spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions, which has never beensystematically measured before.
This data is crucial for understanding the total heat energyradiated into space from these regions and will fill a significant gap in our knowledge of Earth’s energy budget.
Statement 3 is correct
One of the significant goals of the PREFIRE mission is to gather data that will enhance the accuracy of climate models and improve predictions of future changes in heat exchange between Earth and space.
This information is vital for understanding and forecasting the effects of these changes on various phenomena, including ice sheet melting, atmospheric temperatures, and global weather patterns.
The data from PREFIRE will help scientists understand why the Arctic has warmed faster than the rest of the planet and how different substances like snow, sea ice, and clouds impact the far-infrared heat radiation escaping into space.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 5 of 6
5. Question
Q5. {Prelims – S&T – Tech} Consider the following statements about the Digital Arrest:
In digital arrests, criminals use studios resembling police stations or government offices and pretend to be officials from various agencies.
Victims of digital arrests are often forced to launder money through their bank accounts as ‘money mules.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
In digital arrests, criminals indeed use studios that look like police stations or government offices and impersonate officials from agencies like the police, CBI, Narcotics Control Bureau, RBI, ED, etc.
This setup is designed to intimidate and manipulate victims into complying with their demands.
As part of their efforts to combat digital arrests and other cybercrimes, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) has blocked over 1,000 Skype IDs used by cybercriminals to carry out their activities.
Statement 2 is correct
Victims of digital arrests are sometimes coerced into laundering money through their bank accounts, effectively becoming “money mules“.
These individuals, often unaware of the full extent of their involvement, are used by cybercriminals to move and launder stolen funds.
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
In digital arrests, criminals indeed use studios that look like police stations or government offices and impersonate officials from agencies like the police, CBI, Narcotics Control Bureau, RBI, ED, etc.
This setup is designed to intimidate and manipulate victims into complying with their demands.
As part of their efforts to combat digital arrests and other cybercrimes, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) has blocked over 1,000 Skype IDs used by cybercriminals to carry out their activities.
Statement 2 is correct
Victims of digital arrests are sometimes coerced into laundering money through their bank accounts, effectively becoming “money mules“.
These individuals, often unaware of the full extent of their involvement, are used by cybercriminals to move and launder stolen funds.
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
In digital arrests, criminals indeed use studios that look like police stations or government offices and impersonate officials from agencies like the police, CBI, Narcotics Control Bureau, RBI, ED, etc.
This setup is designed to intimidate and manipulate victims into complying with their demands.
As part of their efforts to combat digital arrests and other cybercrimes, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) has blocked over 1,000 Skype IDs used by cybercriminals to carry out their activities.
Statement 2 is correct
Victims of digital arrests are sometimes coerced into laundering money through their bank accounts, effectively becoming “money mules“.
These individuals, often unaware of the full extent of their involvement, are used by cybercriminals to move and launder stolen funds.
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 6 of 6
6. Question
Q6. {Prelims – PIN World} Where is New Caledonia, recently seen in news, located?
It is a French overseasisland territory in the Pacific Ocean located near Australia.
New Caledonia is one of the European Union’sOverseas Countries and Territories (OCTs), but is not part of the European Union.
A recent French bill aims to give voting rights to French residents who have lived in New Caledonia for more than ten years but it was opposed by older residents.
Answer: (b) In the Pacific Ocean near Australia; Difficulty Level: Medium
It is a French overseasisland territory in the Pacific Ocean located near Australia.
New Caledonia is one of the European Union’sOverseas Countries and Territories (OCTs), but is not part of the European Union.
A recent French bill aims to give voting rights to French residents who have lived in New Caledonia for more than ten years but it was opposed by older residents.
Answer: (b) In the Pacific Ocean near Australia; Difficulty Level: Medium
It is a French overseasisland territory in the Pacific Ocean located near Australia.
New Caledonia is one of the European Union’sOverseas Countries and Territories (OCTs), but is not part of the European Union.
A recent French bill aims to give voting rights to French residents who have lived in New Caledonia for more than ten years but it was opposed by older residents.
Answer: (b) In the Pacific Ocean near Australia; Difficulty Level: Medium
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