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March 26 2025 Current Affairs MCQs
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[Quiz] Daily Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs) – March 26 2025
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These MCQs are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs. The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here. Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
Q1. {A&C – Sites} Consider the following statements regarding Nalanda University and Vikramshila University:
- Nalanda University flourished during the Pala Period, whereas Vikramshila University thrived during the Gupta Period.
- While Vikramshila was more renowned for teaching a wide range of disciplines, Nalanda primarily specialized in tantric and occult studies.
- Both universities were destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji’s army.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- Nalanda University flourished during the Gupta Period (320-550 AD) and continued until the 12th century, while Vikramshila thrived during the Pala Period (8th- 12th century).
- While Nalanda got more international fame for teaching varied disciplines, Vikramshila was prominent center for Tantric Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism.
- Vikramshila University was founded by Pala King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty in the late 8th to early 9th Century AD. .
- It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri.
- It was destroyed in the 12th century by Bakhtiyar Khilji’s army, the same invader responsible for the fall of Nalanda University.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- Nalanda University flourished during the Gupta Period (320-550 AD) and continued until the 12th century, while Vikramshila thrived during the Pala Period (8th- 12th century).
- While Nalanda got more international fame for teaching varied disciplines, Vikramshila was prominent center for Tantric Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism.
- Vikramshila University was founded by Pala King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty in the late 8th to early 9th Century AD. .
- It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri.
- It was destroyed in the 12th century by Bakhtiyar Khilji’s army, the same invader responsible for the fall of Nalanda University.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- Nalanda University flourished during the Gupta Period (320-550 AD) and continued until the 12th century, while Vikramshila thrived during the Pala Period (8th- 12th century).
- While Nalanda got more international fame for teaching varied disciplines, Vikramshila was prominent center for Tantric Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism.
- Vikramshila University was founded by Pala King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty in the late 8th to early 9th Century AD. .
- It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri.
- It was destroyed in the 12th century by Bakhtiyar Khilji’s army, the same invader responsible for the fall of Nalanda University.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
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Question 2 of 8
2. Question
Q2. {IR – India-US} With reference to India’s cotton industry, consider the following statements:
- India’s cotton output has declined by many bales in 2024-25.
- The adoption of GM cotton initially boosted India’s production, but a lack of new technology approvals has led to stagnation.
- India’s projected cotton exports in 2024-25 are higher than its imports.
- India imposes an import duty on cotton.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct, but Statement 3 is incorrect
- India’s cotton output peaked in 2013-14 but declined to 29.9 million bales (2024-25).
- GM cotton adoption boosted India’s cotton production in the early 2000s, but a lack of new technology approvals led to stagnation.
- India’s projected cotton imports in 2024-25 exceed exports.
- India imposes an import duty on cotton (11%),
US exports to India is valued at $491.2 million in 2022, declining to $210.7 million in 2024. Removal of the 11% import duty on cotton could further boost US exports to India.
Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct, but Statement 3 is incorrect
- India’s cotton output peaked in 2013-14 but declined to 29.9 million bales (2024-25).
- GM cotton adoption boosted India’s cotton production in the early 2000s, but a lack of new technology approvals led to stagnation.
- India’s projected cotton imports in 2024-25 exceed exports.
- India imposes an import duty on cotton (11%),
US exports to India is valued at $491.2 million in 2022, declining to $210.7 million in 2024. Removal of the 11% import duty on cotton could further boost US exports to India.
Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct, but Statement 3 is incorrect
- India’s cotton output peaked in 2013-14 but declined to 29.9 million bales (2024-25).
- GM cotton adoption boosted India’s cotton production in the early 2000s, but a lack of new technology approvals led to stagnation.
- India’s projected cotton imports in 2024-25 exceed exports.
- India imposes an import duty on cotton (11%),
US exports to India is valued at $491.2 million in 2022, declining to $210.7 million in 2024. Removal of the 11% import duty on cotton could further boost US exports to India.
Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4; Difficulty Level: Medium
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Question 3 of 8
3. Question
Q3. {IR – US} Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Mar-a-Lago Accord, a term that has recently gained attention in economic discourse?
Correct
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The “Mar-a-Lago Accord” has been discussed recently in the context of U.S. economic policy, particularly regarding the value of the dollar and its impact on trade and manufacturing.
- The Mar-a-Lago Accord, also referred to as a modern version of the Plaza Accord (1985), is a proposed U.S. strategy to weaken the dollar, aiming to address America’s growing trade deficit.
- Original Plaza Accord (1985): The U.S. convinced Britain, Japan, Germany, and France to devalue the dollar jointly, making U.S. exports more competitive and reducing trade imbalances.
- In 2024, the U.S. posted a trade deficit of over $1 trillion, highlighting concerns about declining domestic manufacturing and job creation.
Answer: (b) A strategy aimed at weakening the U.S. dollar to reduce trade deficits and boost domestic manufacturing; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The “Mar-a-Lago Accord” has been discussed recently in the context of U.S. economic policy, particularly regarding the value of the dollar and its impact on trade and manufacturing.
- The Mar-a-Lago Accord, also referred to as a modern version of the Plaza Accord (1985), is a proposed U.S. strategy to weaken the dollar, aiming to address America’s growing trade deficit.
- Original Plaza Accord (1985): The U.S. convinced Britain, Japan, Germany, and France to devalue the dollar jointly, making U.S. exports more competitive and reducing trade imbalances.
- In 2024, the U.S. posted a trade deficit of over $1 trillion, highlighting concerns about declining domestic manufacturing and job creation.
Answer: (b) A strategy aimed at weakening the U.S. dollar to reduce trade deficits and boost domestic manufacturing; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- The “Mar-a-Lago Accord” has been discussed recently in the context of U.S. economic policy, particularly regarding the value of the dollar and its impact on trade and manufacturing.
- The Mar-a-Lago Accord, also referred to as a modern version of the Plaza Accord (1985), is a proposed U.S. strategy to weaken the dollar, aiming to address America’s growing trade deficit.
- Original Plaza Accord (1985): The U.S. convinced Britain, Japan, Germany, and France to devalue the dollar jointly, making U.S. exports more competitive and reducing trade imbalances.
- In 2024, the U.S. posted a trade deficit of over $1 trillion, highlighting concerns about declining domestic manufacturing and job creation.
Answer: (b) A strategy aimed at weakening the U.S. dollar to reduce trade deficits and boost domestic manufacturing; Difficulty Level: Easy
-
Question 4 of 8
4. Question
Q4. {MIH – Personalities} Consider the following statements about a pioneering woman in British India:
- She was the first woman legislator in British India, nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926.
- She was the first woman medical graduate of the Madras Presidency, completing her degree in 1912.
- She played a key role in abolishing the Devadasi system, which was officially banned in 1947.
- She attended the Paris International Congress of Women in 1930, representing India on global gender issues.
Identify the personality based on the clues provided above.
Correct
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Muthulakshmi Reddy was the first woman legislator in British India and was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926.
- She was the first woman medical graduate of the Madras Presidency and graduated from Madras Medical College in 1912.
- She was the first woman house surgeon and was appointed by Colonel Gifford at the Government Hospital for Women & Children.
- She led the campaign to abolish the Devadasi system from 1927, which resulted in its abolition in 1947.
- She fought against prostitution and purdah, demanding equal accountability of men in prostitution laws.
- She supported birth control and helped pass a resolution at the All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) for public education on family planning.
- She demanded voting rights for women and opposed reserved seats, stressing the importance of merit in politics.
- She attended the Paris International Congress of Women in 1930 and represented India on global gender issues.
- She influenced the Women’s Indian Association (WIA) and worked alongside Sarojini Naidu, Annie Besant, and Margaret Cousins.
Answer: (c) Muthulakshmi Reddy; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Muthulakshmi Reddy was the first woman legislator in British India and was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926.
- She was the first woman medical graduate of the Madras Presidency and graduated from Madras Medical College in 1912.
- She was the first woman house surgeon and was appointed by Colonel Gifford at the Government Hospital for Women & Children.
- She led the campaign to abolish the Devadasi system from 1927, which resulted in its abolition in 1947.
- She fought against prostitution and purdah, demanding equal accountability of men in prostitution laws.
- She supported birth control and helped pass a resolution at the All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) for public education on family planning.
- She demanded voting rights for women and opposed reserved seats, stressing the importance of merit in politics.
- She attended the Paris International Congress of Women in 1930 and represented India on global gender issues.
- She influenced the Women’s Indian Association (WIA) and worked alongside Sarojini Naidu, Annie Besant, and Margaret Cousins.
Answer: (c) Muthulakshmi Reddy; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (c) is correct
- Muthulakshmi Reddy was the first woman legislator in British India and was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1926.
- She was the first woman medical graduate of the Madras Presidency and graduated from Madras Medical College in 1912.
- She was the first woman house surgeon and was appointed by Colonel Gifford at the Government Hospital for Women & Children.
- She led the campaign to abolish the Devadasi system from 1927, which resulted in its abolition in 1947.
- She fought against prostitution and purdah, demanding equal accountability of men in prostitution laws.
- She supported birth control and helped pass a resolution at the All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) for public education on family planning.
- She demanded voting rights for women and opposed reserved seats, stressing the importance of merit in politics.
- She attended the Paris International Congress of Women in 1930 and represented India on global gender issues.
- She influenced the Women’s Indian Association (WIA) and worked alongside Sarojini Naidu, Annie Besant, and Margaret Cousins.
Answer: (c) Muthulakshmi Reddy; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 5 of 8
5. Question
Q5. {Species – Plants} Consider the following statements regarding the Anthurium flower:
- It belongs to the Araceae family and is widely cultivated in the northeastern states of India, particularly in Mizoram, due to the favorable humid and tropical climate.
- The Anthurium flower is mainly grown for its ornamental value and is known for its ability to purify air.
- The plant is toxic if ingested because it contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause skin and eye irritation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
All statements are correct
- Anthurium is a tropical flowering plant belonging to the Araceae family, known for its ornamental value and air-purifying properties.
- Native Regions: Americas, from Mexico to Argentina, and parts of the Caribbean.
- Widely grown in Mizoram and other northeastern states due to favorable humid and tropical conditions.
- Anthurium Festival: Annual event in Mizoram promoting the flower’s beauty and commercial potential.
- Features:
- Herbaceous plant, growing epiphytically or terrestrially. It has colorful spathes (red, pink, orange, etc.) surrounding a spadix. Produces juicy berries containing seeds.
- It is grown mostly indoors and helps remove toxins like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens from the air.
- Toxic if ingested due to calcium oxalate crystals; can cause skin and eye irritation.
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
All statements are correct
- Anthurium is a tropical flowering plant belonging to the Araceae family, known for its ornamental value and air-purifying properties.
- Native Regions: Americas, from Mexico to Argentina, and parts of the Caribbean.
- Widely grown in Mizoram and other northeastern states due to favorable humid and tropical conditions.
- Anthurium Festival: Annual event in Mizoram promoting the flower’s beauty and commercial potential.
- Features:
- Herbaceous plant, growing epiphytically or terrestrially. It has colorful spathes (red, pink, orange, etc.) surrounding a spadix. Produces juicy berries containing seeds.
- It is grown mostly indoors and helps remove toxins like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens from the air.
- Toxic if ingested due to calcium oxalate crystals; can cause skin and eye irritation.
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
All statements are correct
- Anthurium is a tropical flowering plant belonging to the Araceae family, known for its ornamental value and air-purifying properties.
- Native Regions: Americas, from Mexico to Argentina, and parts of the Caribbean.
- Widely grown in Mizoram and other northeastern states due to favorable humid and tropical conditions.
- Anthurium Festival: Annual event in Mizoram promoting the flower’s beauty and commercial potential.
- Features:
- Herbaceous plant, growing epiphytically or terrestrially. It has colorful spathes (red, pink, orange, etc.) surrounding a spadix. Produces juicy berries containing seeds.
- It is grown mostly indoors and helps remove toxins like formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene, and allergens from the air.
- Toxic if ingested due to calcium oxalate crystals; can cause skin and eye irritation.
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Hard
-
Question 6 of 8
6. Question
Q6. {S&T – BioTech} With reference to the DNA fingerprinting, consider the following statements:
- DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals using distinct DNA sequences, primarily based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) found in the DNA.
- STRs are highly polymorphic due to variation in the number of repeat sequences among individuals, except in identical twins.
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used to amplify DNA, which is then analyzed using electrophoresis to generate a genetic profile.
- DNA fingerprinting is only used in forensic science for identifying criminals.
How many of the statements given above are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct
- DNA Fingerprinting:
- It identifies individuals using distinct DNA sequences.
- It is based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) found in DNA.
- STRs, found at specific locations in the genome, are repeating DNA sequences with each person having a unique STR profile, except identical twins.
- They are highly polymorphic due to variation in repeat numbers among individuals.
Statement 3 is correct
- Generating DNA Fingerprints:
- DNA Extraction: Obtained from blood, saliva, bones, skin cells or hair.
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Amplifies DNA for analysis.
- Denaturation (95°C): DNA strands separate.
- Annealing (60°C): Primers bind to target sequences.
- Extension (72°C): DNA polymerase synthesises new strands.
- Electrophoresis: This separates DNA fragments to create a genetic profile.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- DNA Fingerprinting: Applications:
- Forensic Science: Identifies criminals using crime scene DNA; Exonerates wrongly convicted individuals.
- Paternity and Relationship Testing: Confirms biological relationships and helps in ancestry tracing.
- Disaster Victim Identification: Helps recognise remains.
- Medical Uses: Determines transplant compatibility and genetic disorder risks.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct
- DNA Fingerprinting:
- It identifies individuals using distinct DNA sequences.
- It is based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) found in DNA.
- STRs, found at specific locations in the genome, are repeating DNA sequences with each person having a unique STR profile, except identical twins.
- They are highly polymorphic due to variation in repeat numbers among individuals.
Statement 3 is correct
- Generating DNA Fingerprints:
- DNA Extraction: Obtained from blood, saliva, bones, skin cells or hair.
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Amplifies DNA for analysis.
- Denaturation (95°C): DNA strands separate.
- Annealing (60°C): Primers bind to target sequences.
- Extension (72°C): DNA polymerase synthesises new strands.
- Electrophoresis: This separates DNA fragments to create a genetic profile.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- DNA Fingerprinting: Applications:
- Forensic Science: Identifies criminals using crime scene DNA; Exonerates wrongly convicted individuals.
- Paternity and Relationship Testing: Confirms biological relationships and helps in ancestry tracing.
- Disaster Victim Identification: Helps recognise remains.
- Medical Uses: Determines transplant compatibility and genetic disorder risks.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct
- DNA Fingerprinting:
- It identifies individuals using distinct DNA sequences.
- It is based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) found in DNA.
- STRs, found at specific locations in the genome, are repeating DNA sequences with each person having a unique STR profile, except identical twins.
- They are highly polymorphic due to variation in repeat numbers among individuals.
Statement 3 is correct
- Generating DNA Fingerprints:
- DNA Extraction: Obtained from blood, saliva, bones, skin cells or hair.
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Amplifies DNA for analysis.
- Denaturation (95°C): DNA strands separate.
- Annealing (60°C): Primers bind to target sequences.
- Extension (72°C): DNA polymerase synthesises new strands.
- Electrophoresis: This separates DNA fragments to create a genetic profile.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- DNA Fingerprinting: Applications:
- Forensic Science: Identifies criminals using crime scene DNA; Exonerates wrongly convicted individuals.
- Paternity and Relationship Testing: Confirms biological relationships and helps in ancestry tracing.
- Disaster Victim Identification: Helps recognise remains.
- Medical Uses: Determines transplant compatibility and genetic disorder risks.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 7 of 8
7. Question
Q7. {IE – Taxes} With reference to the Equalization Levy (digital tax), consider the following statements:
- The Equalization Levy is a direct tax introduced in 2016 to ensure fair taxation of foreign digital businesses operating in India.
- The Equalization Levy currently applies to both online advertisements and e-commerce transactions, with a 6% tax rate on online advertisements and a 2% tax on e-commerce supplies.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect
- Equalization Levy (digital tax) is a Direct tax imposed on specific digital transactions, primarily targeting non-resident companies that provide digital services in India.
- Purpose: Introduced in 2016 to ensure fair taxation of foreign digital businesses operating in India.
- Initial Levy (2016): A 6% tax on payments for online advertisement services provided by foreign digital companies.
- Purpose: To create a level playing field between domestic and foreign digital businesses, ensuring that non-resident companies contributing to India’s digital economy pay their fair share of taxes.
- Expansion: In 2020, its scope was extended to e-commerce transactions, imposing a 2% levy on e-commerce supplies. It was abolished in August 2024.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect
- Equalization Levy (digital tax) is a Direct tax imposed on specific digital transactions, primarily targeting non-resident companies that provide digital services in India.
- Purpose: Introduced in 2016 to ensure fair taxation of foreign digital businesses operating in India.
- Initial Levy (2016): A 6% tax on payments for online advertisement services provided by foreign digital companies.
- Purpose: To create a level playing field between domestic and foreign digital businesses, ensuring that non-resident companies contributing to India’s digital economy pay their fair share of taxes.
- Expansion: In 2020, its scope was extended to e-commerce transactions, imposing a 2% levy on e-commerce supplies. It was abolished in August 2024.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect
- Equalization Levy (digital tax) is a Direct tax imposed on specific digital transactions, primarily targeting non-resident companies that provide digital services in India.
- Purpose: Introduced in 2016 to ensure fair taxation of foreign digital businesses operating in India.
- Initial Levy (2016): A 6% tax on payments for online advertisement services provided by foreign digital companies.
- Purpose: To create a level playing field between domestic and foreign digital businesses, ensuring that non-resident companies contributing to India’s digital economy pay their fair share of taxes.
- Expansion: In 2020, its scope was extended to e-commerce transactions, imposing a 2% levy on e-commerce supplies. It was abolished in August 2024.
Answer: (b) 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
-
Question 8 of 8
8. Question
Q8. {Social Sector – Health – Diseases} Consider the following statements:
- India accounts for 26% of the global TB cases and 29% of the global TB-related deaths.
- The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) was launched in 2020 with the goal to eliminate TB by 2030.
- The NTEP strategy includes the approach of Detect, Treat, Prevent, and Build (DTPB).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- India has the largest TB burden globally, with 26% of global cases & 29% of global TB-related deaths.
- TB incidence dropped 17.7% (237 per lakh in 2015 to 195 per lakh in 2023).
- TB-related deaths fell 21.4% (28 per lakh in 2015 to 22 per lakh in 2023).
- Case notifications: 25.5 lakh cases in 2023, rising to 26.07 lakh in 2024.
Statement 2 is incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP):
- Launched in 2020 by Union Min. of Health to replace Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program.
- Target: Eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of the global 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
- Strategy: Detect – Treat – Prevent – Build (DTPB).
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- India has the largest TB burden globally, with 26% of global cases & 29% of global TB-related deaths.
- TB incidence dropped 17.7% (237 per lakh in 2015 to 195 per lakh in 2023).
- TB-related deaths fell 21.4% (28 per lakh in 2015 to 22 per lakh in 2023).
- Case notifications: 25.5 lakh cases in 2023, rising to 26.07 lakh in 2024.
Statement 2 is incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP):
- Launched in 2020 by Union Min. of Health to replace Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program.
- Target: Eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of the global 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
- Strategy: Detect – Treat – Prevent – Build (DTPB).
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- India has the largest TB burden globally, with 26% of global cases & 29% of global TB-related deaths.
- TB incidence dropped 17.7% (237 per lakh in 2015 to 195 per lakh in 2023).
- TB-related deaths fell 21.4% (28 per lakh in 2015 to 22 per lakh in 2023).
- Case notifications: 25.5 lakh cases in 2023, rising to 26.07 lakh in 2024.
Statement 2 is incorrect, but statement 3 is correct
- National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP):
- Launched in 2020 by Union Min. of Health to replace Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program.
- Target: Eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of the global 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
- Strategy: Detect – Treat – Prevent – Build (DTPB).
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
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