Type:Indigenous, short-range, quasi-ballistic missile developed by DRDO; Similar to Russia’s Iskander M and China’s Dong Feng 12.
Payload: Capable of carrying warheads between 500-1,000 kg, enhancing strike versatility.
Capabilities: Powered by a solid-propellant rocket motor, carrying conventional warheads.
Range:400 km, suitable for deployment along Line of Control (LoC) & Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Quasi-Ballistic Missiles:
They are a hybrid of ballistic and cruise missiles.
Flight Path: Maneuvers mid-flight, flies at lower altitudes.
Stealth: More difficult for missile defense systems to intercept.
Speed: Travels at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 or above).
Statement 2 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is not the longest-range surface-to-surface missile in terms of absolute range, but it is the longest-range surface-to-surface missile for conventional military operations.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is a conventional missile, which means it can only carry a non-nuclear warhead and is intended for tactical operations.
Type:Indigenous, short-range, quasi-ballistic missile developed by DRDO; Similar to Russia’s Iskander M and China’s Dong Feng 12.
Payload: Capable of carrying warheads between 500-1,000 kg, enhancing strike versatility.
Capabilities: Powered by a solid-propellant rocket motor, carrying conventional warheads.
Range:400 km, suitable for deployment along Line of Control (LoC) & Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Quasi-Ballistic Missiles:
They are a hybrid of ballistic and cruise missiles.
Flight Path: Maneuvers mid-flight, flies at lower altitudes.
Stealth: More difficult for missile defense systems to intercept.
Speed: Travels at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 or above).
Statement 2 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is not the longest-range surface-to-surface missile in terms of absolute range, but it is the longest-range surface-to-surface missile for conventional military operations.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is a conventional missile, which means it can only carry a non-nuclear warhead and is intended for tactical operations.
Type:Indigenous, short-range, quasi-ballistic missile developed by DRDO; Similar to Russia’s Iskander M and China’s Dong Feng 12.
Payload: Capable of carrying warheads between 500-1,000 kg, enhancing strike versatility.
Capabilities: Powered by a solid-propellant rocket motor, carrying conventional warheads.
Range:400 km, suitable for deployment along Line of Control (LoC) & Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Quasi-Ballistic Missiles:
They are a hybrid of ballistic and cruise missiles.
Flight Path: Maneuvers mid-flight, flies at lower altitudes.
Stealth: More difficult for missile defense systems to intercept.
Speed: Travels at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 or above).
Statement 2 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is not the longest-range surface-to-surface missile in terms of absolute range, but it is the longest-range surface-to-surface missile for conventional military operations.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The Pralay missile is a conventional missile, which means it can only carry a non-nuclear warhead and is intended for tactical operations.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Hard
Question 3 of 8
3. Question
Q3. {Social Sector – Education} The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) is a nationwide citizen-led household survey. It is released by which of the following organization?
Correct
Explanation
Option (d) is correct
ASER is a nationwidecitizen-led household survey by NGO Pratham Education Foundation.
It provides the status of children’s schooling and learning in rural India.
ASER reports are usually referred to by the government while formulating policies.
Q4. {Polity – IC – Parliament} Consider the statements regarding whip system:
Whip is a choice that a political party presents to its members for being present for a crucial vote.
Office of whip is mentioned in the Parliamentary Statute.
Whip is an Indian parliamentary invention.
How many of the statements are incorrect?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
A whip is a written order that a political party issues to its members for being present for a crucial vote or that they vote only in a particular way.
It is often used in parliamentary parlance for floor management by political parties.
A whip is also an essential office-bearer of the party in the Parliament.
In India, all parties can issue a whip to their members.
Statement 2 is incorrect
The office of ‘whip’ is mentioned neither in the IC, in the Rules of the House, nor in the Parliamentary Statute. It is based on the conventions of the parliamentary government.
In India, the system has been in place since the early days of Parliament, ensuring party unity & discipline.
The All-India Whips Conference, held annually since 1952, fosters coordination between ruling and opposition whips for efficient parliamentary functioning.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule.
Types of Whips:
One-Line Whip: Informs members of a vote, allowing them to abstain.
Two-Line Whip: Requires MPs to be present, but does not mandate how to vote.
Three-Line Whip: The strictest, instructing members to vote in alignment with the party.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
A whip is a written order that a political party issues to its members for being present for a crucial vote or that they vote only in a particular way.
It is often used in parliamentary parlance for floor management by political parties.
A whip is also an essential office-bearer of the party in the Parliament.
In India, all parties can issue a whip to their members.
Statement 2 is incorrect
The office of ‘whip’ is mentioned neither in the IC, in the Rules of the House, nor in the Parliamentary Statute. It is based on the conventions of the parliamentary government.
In India, the system has been in place since the early days of Parliament, ensuring party unity & discipline.
The All-India Whips Conference, held annually since 1952, fosters coordination between ruling and opposition whips for efficient parliamentary functioning.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule.
Types of Whips:
One-Line Whip: Informs members of a vote, allowing them to abstain.
Two-Line Whip: Requires MPs to be present, but does not mandate how to vote.
Three-Line Whip: The strictest, instructing members to vote in alignment with the party.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
A whip is a written order that a political party issues to its members for being present for a crucial vote or that they vote only in a particular way.
It is often used in parliamentary parlance for floor management by political parties.
A whip is also an essential office-bearer of the party in the Parliament.
In India, all parties can issue a whip to their members.
Statement 2 is incorrect
The office of ‘whip’ is mentioned neither in the IC, in the Rules of the House, nor in the Parliamentary Statute. It is based on the conventions of the parliamentary government.
In India, the system has been in place since the early days of Parliament, ensuring party unity & discipline.
The All-India Whips Conference, held annually since 1952, fosters coordination between ruling and opposition whips for efficient parliamentary functioning.
Statement 3 is incorrect
The concept of the whip was inherited from colonial British rule.
Types of Whips:
One-Line Whip: Informs members of a vote, allowing them to abstain.
Two-Line Whip: Requires MPs to be present, but does not mandate how to vote.
Three-Line Whip: The strictest, instructing members to vote in alignment with the party.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 5 of 8
5. Question
Q5. {Infra – Initiatives} Consider the statements regarding Teesta River:
Teesta River originates from the Kailash ranges of Himalayas in Tibet.
It flows through only two states in India.
Teesta-III Hydroelectric Project is located in Teesta River in West Bengal.
How many of the statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct
The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier in the Eastern Himalayas in the state of Sikkim, India.
It flows southward through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal (on these two states), eventually entering Bangladesh.
In Bangladesh, it merges with the Brahmaputra River (known locally as the Jamuna River).
Major tributaries: Rangpo River, the Rangit River, and the Great Rangit River.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Teesta-III Hydroelectric Project is a 1,200 MW hydel project located on Teesta River in Sikkim not in West Bengal.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct
The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier in the Eastern Himalayas in the state of Sikkim, India.
It flows southward through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal (on these two states), eventually entering Bangladesh.
In Bangladesh, it merges with the Brahmaputra River (known locally as the Jamuna River).
Major tributaries: Rangpo River, the Rangit River, and the Great Rangit River.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Teesta-III Hydroelectric Project is a 1,200 MW hydel project located on Teesta River in Sikkim not in West Bengal.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct
The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier in the Eastern Himalayas in the state of Sikkim, India.
It flows southward through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal (on these two states), eventually entering Bangladesh.
In Bangladesh, it merges with the Brahmaputra River (known locally as the Jamuna River).
Major tributaries: Rangpo River, the Rangit River, and the Great Rangit River.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Teesta-III Hydroelectric Project is a 1,200 MW hydel project located on Teesta River in Sikkim not in West Bengal.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 6 of 8
6. Question
Q6. {Prelims – PIN} Consider the statements regarding Padma awards:
Padma Vibhushan is India’s highest civilian honour.
Only specified eligible individuals can nominate names for Padma awards.
Padma Awards Committee is headed by the President.
Which of the statements are incorrect?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian honour, not Padma Vibhushan.
It was established in 1954.
On the Prime Minister’s suggestion to the President of India, a maximum of three Bharat Ratna awards can be presented each year.
The awardees are not allowed to use Bharat Ratna as a prefix or suffix to their names, as stated in Article 18(1) of the Indian Constitution.
There is no formal requirement that the Award be granted solely to Indian nationals.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, are announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978, 1979 and 1993 to 1997.
The award is given in three categories, namely,
Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service,
Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order, and
Padma Shri for distinguished service.
Eligibility:
All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.
Government servants including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards.
The award is normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government could consider giving an award posthumously.
A higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a person only where a period of at least five years has elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award. However, in highly deserving cases, a relaxation can be made by the Awards Committee.
The nomination process is open to the public. Even self-nomination can be made.
Statement 3 is incorrect
All nominations received for Padma Awards are placed before the Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.
The Padma Awards Committee is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Recommendations of the committee are submitted to the PM and President for approval.
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian honour, not Padma Vibhushan.
It was established in 1954.
On the Prime Minister’s suggestion to the President of India, a maximum of three Bharat Ratna awards can be presented each year.
The awardees are not allowed to use Bharat Ratna as a prefix or suffix to their names, as stated in Article 18(1) of the Indian Constitution.
There is no formal requirement that the Award be granted solely to Indian nationals.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, are announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978, 1979 and 1993 to 1997.
The award is given in three categories, namely,
Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service,
Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order, and
Padma Shri for distinguished service.
Eligibility:
All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.
Government servants including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards.
The award is normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government could consider giving an award posthumously.
A higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a person only where a period of at least five years has elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award. However, in highly deserving cases, a relaxation can be made by the Awards Committee.
The nomination process is open to the public. Even self-nomination can be made.
Statement 3 is incorrect
All nominations received for Padma Awards are placed before the Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.
The Padma Awards Committee is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Recommendations of the committee are submitted to the PM and President for approval.
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian honour, not Padma Vibhushan.
It was established in 1954.
On the Prime Minister’s suggestion to the President of India, a maximum of three Bharat Ratna awards can be presented each year.
The awardees are not allowed to use Bharat Ratna as a prefix or suffix to their names, as stated in Article 18(1) of the Indian Constitution.
There is no formal requirement that the Award be granted solely to Indian nationals.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, are announced every year on the occasion of Republic Day except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978, 1979 and 1993 to 1997.
The award is given in three categories, namely,
Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service,
Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order, and
Padma Shri for distinguished service.
Eligibility:
All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.
Government servants including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards.
The award is normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government could consider giving an award posthumously.
A higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a person only where a period of at least five years has elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award. However, in highly deserving cases, a relaxation can be made by the Awards Committee.
The nomination process is open to the public. Even self-nomination can be made.
Statement 3 is incorrect
All nominations received for Padma Awards are placed before the Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.
The Padma Awards Committee is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Recommendations of the committee are submitted to the PM and President for approval.
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 7 of 8
7. Question
Q7. {Envi – CC} Consider the statements regarding Paris Agreement:
India has signed and ratified the agreement in 2016.
The treaty sets common goals for every state that has signed it.
Which of the statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
Paris Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21) negotiated the Paris Agreement, a global agreement on the reduction of climate change.
It entered into force in November 2016 after (ratification by 55 countries that account for at least 55% of global emissions) had been met.
Signatories: 195 as of 2019; 180+ countries have ratified; India signed and ratified in 2016.
Recently, the Agreement faced a major setback as the US, under President Trump, withdrew from it, complicating global climate action efforts.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Once the treaty has been signed, each state will deal with it according to its own national procedures.
After approval has been granted under a state’s own internal procedures, it will notify the other parties that they consent to be bound by the treaty. This is called ratification.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
Paris Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21) negotiated the Paris Agreement, a global agreement on the reduction of climate change.
It entered into force in November 2016 after (ratification by 55 countries that account for at least 55% of global emissions) had been met.
Signatories: 195 as of 2019; 180+ countries have ratified; India signed and ratified in 2016.
Recently, the Agreement faced a major setback as the US, under President Trump, withdrew from it, complicating global climate action efforts.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Once the treaty has been signed, each state will deal with it according to its own national procedures.
After approval has been granted under a state’s own internal procedures, it will notify the other parties that they consent to be bound by the treaty. This is called ratification.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
Paris Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP 21) negotiated the Paris Agreement, a global agreement on the reduction of climate change.
It entered into force in November 2016 after (ratification by 55 countries that account for at least 55% of global emissions) had been met.
Signatories: 195 as of 2019; 180+ countries have ratified; India signed and ratified in 2016.
Recently, the Agreement faced a major setback as the US, under President Trump, withdrew from it, complicating global climate action efforts.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Once the treaty has been signed, each state will deal with it according to its own national procedures.
After approval has been granted under a state’s own internal procedures, it will notify the other parties that they consent to be bound by the treaty. This is called ratification.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 8 of 8
8. Question
Q8. {Prelims – PIN} Consider the pairs:
Freedom Fighter
Contribution/known for
Subramania Bharati
Wrote on nationalism and independence to inspire the masses.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Ran underground radio station Voice of Freedom of Goa.
Libia Lobo Sardesai
Founded the Free India Society.
How many of the statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
Subramania Bharati was a Tamil poet, freedom fighter, and social reformer
He was also known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar.
He knew 32 languages, including three foreign languages. He considered Tamil and all other Indian languages to be in no way inferior to English.
His writings on nationalism and independence played an important role in inspiring the masses in Tamil Nadu to support the Indian freedom struggle. Bharati’s compositions are mostly short lyrical outpourings on patriotic, devotional, and mystic themes, earning him the title of a lyrical poet.
His best-known works include “Kaṇṇan Pattu” (Songs to Krishna), “Panchali Sapatham“ (Panchali’s Vow), and “Kuyil Pattu” (Kuyil’s Song).
He translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, and the Bhagavad Gita into Tamil.
He assisted Sri Aurobindo in the “Arya” journal and later “Karma Yogi” in Pondicherry. His translation and adaptation of “Vande Mataram“ became a potent rallying cry for the nation’s freedom fighters.
He faced persecution for his views from the British authorities and orthodox elements within his own community, which led to his exile in 1908.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was regarded as a freedom fighter, politician, lawyer, social reformer, and the founder of the Hindutva philosophy.
He was the first to acknowledge the mutiny of 1857 as the first struggle for Independence.
He founded the two-nation theory in his book ‘Hindutva’ calling Hindus and Muslims two separate nations. In 1937, Hindu Mahasabha passed it as a resolution.
In 1948, he was charged as a co-conspirator in the assassination of the Father of Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, but was later acquitted by the court due to lack of evidence.
He founded the Free India Society, in London, in 1906, based on the thoughts of the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini (Savarkar had written a biography of Mazzini).
He was also a member of India House (founded byShyamji Kishan Vermain 1905 in London).
She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2025 for her pivotal role in Goa’s liberation struggle through underground radio broadcasting.
Contributions of Libia Lobo Sardesai to Goa Freedom:
Underground Radio Station: Libia and her colleague Vaman Sardesai ran ‘Goenche Sodvonecho Awaz’ (Voice of Freedom of Goa) from 1955 to 1961 to counter Portuguese propaganda.
Broadcasting Operations: The station aired hour-long programs in Konkani and Portuguese from forested locations like Amboli (Maharashtra) and Castle Rock (Karnataka).
Final Broadcast (December 1961): The station relayed messages from the Indian government, including Defence Minister V K Krishna Menon’s surrender ultimatum to the Portuguese Governor General.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
Subramania Bharati was a Tamil poet, freedom fighter, and social reformer
He was also known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar.
He knew 32 languages, including three foreign languages. He considered Tamil and all other Indian languages to be in no way inferior to English.
His writings on nationalism and independence played an important role in inspiring the masses in Tamil Nadu to support the Indian freedom struggle. Bharati’s compositions are mostly short lyrical outpourings on patriotic, devotional, and mystic themes, earning him the title of a lyrical poet.
His best-known works include “Kaṇṇan Pattu” (Songs to Krishna), “Panchali Sapatham“ (Panchali’s Vow), and “Kuyil Pattu” (Kuyil’s Song).
He translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, and the Bhagavad Gita into Tamil.
He assisted Sri Aurobindo in the “Arya” journal and later “Karma Yogi” in Pondicherry. His translation and adaptation of “Vande Mataram“ became a potent rallying cry for the nation’s freedom fighters.
He faced persecution for his views from the British authorities and orthodox elements within his own community, which led to his exile in 1908.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was regarded as a freedom fighter, politician, lawyer, social reformer, and the founder of the Hindutva philosophy.
He was the first to acknowledge the mutiny of 1857 as the first struggle for Independence.
He founded the two-nation theory in his book ‘Hindutva’ calling Hindus and Muslims two separate nations. In 1937, Hindu Mahasabha passed it as a resolution.
In 1948, he was charged as a co-conspirator in the assassination of the Father of Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, but was later acquitted by the court due to lack of evidence.
He founded the Free India Society, in London, in 1906, based on the thoughts of the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini (Savarkar had written a biography of Mazzini).
He was also a member of India House (founded byShyamji Kishan Vermain 1905 in London).
She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2025 for her pivotal role in Goa’s liberation struggle through underground radio broadcasting.
Contributions of Libia Lobo Sardesai to Goa Freedom:
Underground Radio Station: Libia and her colleague Vaman Sardesai ran ‘Goenche Sodvonecho Awaz’ (Voice of Freedom of Goa) from 1955 to 1961 to counter Portuguese propaganda.
Broadcasting Operations: The station aired hour-long programs in Konkani and Portuguese from forested locations like Amboli (Maharashtra) and Castle Rock (Karnataka).
Final Broadcast (December 1961): The station relayed messages from the Indian government, including Defence Minister V K Krishna Menon’s surrender ultimatum to the Portuguese Governor General.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
Subramania Bharati was a Tamil poet, freedom fighter, and social reformer
He was also known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar.
He knew 32 languages, including three foreign languages. He considered Tamil and all other Indian languages to be in no way inferior to English.
His writings on nationalism and independence played an important role in inspiring the masses in Tamil Nadu to support the Indian freedom struggle. Bharati’s compositions are mostly short lyrical outpourings on patriotic, devotional, and mystic themes, earning him the title of a lyrical poet.
His best-known works include “Kaṇṇan Pattu” (Songs to Krishna), “Panchali Sapatham“ (Panchali’s Vow), and “Kuyil Pattu” (Kuyil’s Song).
He translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, and the Bhagavad Gita into Tamil.
He assisted Sri Aurobindo in the “Arya” journal and later “Karma Yogi” in Pondicherry. His translation and adaptation of “Vande Mataram“ became a potent rallying cry for the nation’s freedom fighters.
He faced persecution for his views from the British authorities and orthodox elements within his own community, which led to his exile in 1908.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was regarded as a freedom fighter, politician, lawyer, social reformer, and the founder of the Hindutva philosophy.
He was the first to acknowledge the mutiny of 1857 as the first struggle for Independence.
He founded the two-nation theory in his book ‘Hindutva’ calling Hindus and Muslims two separate nations. In 1937, Hindu Mahasabha passed it as a resolution.
In 1948, he was charged as a co-conspirator in the assassination of the Father of Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, but was later acquitted by the court due to lack of evidence.
He founded the Free India Society, in London, in 1906, based on the thoughts of the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini (Savarkar had written a biography of Mazzini).
He was also a member of India House (founded byShyamji Kishan Vermain 1905 in London).
She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2025 for her pivotal role in Goa’s liberation struggle through underground radio broadcasting.
Contributions of Libia Lobo Sardesai to Goa Freedom:
Underground Radio Station: Libia and her colleague Vaman Sardesai ran ‘Goenche Sodvonecho Awaz’ (Voice of Freedom of Goa) from 1955 to 1961 to counter Portuguese propaganda.
Broadcasting Operations: The station aired hour-long programs in Konkani and Portuguese from forested locations like Amboli (Maharashtra) and Castle Rock (Karnataka).
Final Broadcast (December 1961): The station relayed messages from the Indian government, including Defence Minister V K Krishna Menon’s surrender ultimatum to the Portuguese Governor General.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
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2 of 8 questions answered correctly
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