Objective: Transform India into a ‘weather-ready and climate-smart’ nation by enhancing weather forecasting and climate resilience capabilities.
Budget: ₹2,000 crore allocated for the initial phase (2024-2026), focusing on infrastructure development, technological upgrades, and capacity building.
Vision 2047: Long-term roadmap aligning with IMD’s Vision–2047 for comprehensive weather resilience and climate change adaptation strategies.
Implementing Agencies:Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) through IMD, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), and National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF).
Objective: Transform India into a ‘weather-ready and climate-smart’ nation by enhancing weather forecasting and climate resilience capabilities.
Budget: ₹2,000 crore allocated for the initial phase (2024-2026), focusing on infrastructure development, technological upgrades, and capacity building.
Vision 2047: Long-term roadmap aligning with IMD’s Vision–2047 for comprehensive weather resilience and climate change adaptation strategies.
Implementing Agencies:Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) through IMD, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), and National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF).
Objective: Transform India into a ‘weather-ready and climate-smart’ nation by enhancing weather forecasting and climate resilience capabilities.
Budget: ₹2,000 crore allocated for the initial phase (2024-2026), focusing on infrastructure development, technological upgrades, and capacity building.
Vision 2047: Long-term roadmap aligning with IMD’s Vision–2047 for comprehensive weather resilience and climate change adaptation strategies.
Implementing Agencies:Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) through IMD, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), and National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF).
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 2 of 6
2. Question
Q2. {IR – Bangladesh} With reference to India and Bangladesh, consider the following statements:
India has the longest border with Bangladesh.
Major portion of the catchment area of Teesta lies in Bangladesh.
India has a land boundary agreement with Bangladesh.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
India and Bangladesh share a 4,096.7 km long border, the longest for India with any neighbor.
Statement 2 is incorrect
A tributary of the Brahmaputra, the Teesta River originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake at an elevation of about 5,280 metres in north Sikkim.
The river travels for about 150 km in Sikkim and 123 km in West Bengal, before entering Bangladesh from Mekhligunj in Cooch Behar district; it flows another 140 km in Bangladesh and joins the Bay of Bengal. 83% of the river’s catchment area lies in India and the remaining 17% is in Bangladesh.
Teesta water sharing treaty with Bangladesh is a key bilateral agreement that has been pending between the two countries for over a decade.
Statement 3 is correct
The Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between India and Bangladesh was signed in 2015 to resolve a long-standing border dispute.
It served a historic role in advancing the exchange of 111 enclaves (17,160.63 acres) from India to Bangladesh and reciprocatively, the latter transferred 51 enclaves (7,110.02 acres) to India. In addition, the choice of citizenship in either country was offered by states to enclave residents.
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
India and Bangladesh share a 4,096.7 km long border, the longest for India with any neighbor.
Statement 2 is incorrect
A tributary of the Brahmaputra, the Teesta River originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake at an elevation of about 5,280 metres in north Sikkim.
The river travels for about 150 km in Sikkim and 123 km in West Bengal, before entering Bangladesh from Mekhligunj in Cooch Behar district; it flows another 140 km in Bangladesh and joins the Bay of Bengal. 83% of the river’s catchment area lies in India and the remaining 17% is in Bangladesh.
Teesta water sharing treaty with Bangladesh is a key bilateral agreement that has been pending between the two countries for over a decade.
Statement 3 is correct
The Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between India and Bangladesh was signed in 2015 to resolve a long-standing border dispute.
It served a historic role in advancing the exchange of 111 enclaves (17,160.63 acres) from India to Bangladesh and reciprocatively, the latter transferred 51 enclaves (7,110.02 acres) to India. In addition, the choice of citizenship in either country was offered by states to enclave residents.
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
India and Bangladesh share a 4,096.7 km long border, the longest for India with any neighbor.
Statement 2 is incorrect
A tributary of the Brahmaputra, the Teesta River originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake at an elevation of about 5,280 metres in north Sikkim.
The river travels for about 150 km in Sikkim and 123 km in West Bengal, before entering Bangladesh from Mekhligunj in Cooch Behar district; it flows another 140 km in Bangladesh and joins the Bay of Bengal. 83% of the river’s catchment area lies in India and the remaining 17% is in Bangladesh.
Teesta water sharing treaty with Bangladesh is a key bilateral agreement that has been pending between the two countries for over a decade.
Statement 3 is correct
The Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between India and Bangladesh was signed in 2015 to resolve a long-standing border dispute.
It served a historic role in advancing the exchange of 111 enclaves (17,160.63 acres) from India to Bangladesh and reciprocatively, the latter transferred 51 enclaves (7,110.02 acres) to India. In addition, the choice of citizenship in either country was offered by states to enclave residents.
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 3 of 6
3. Question
Q3. {Envi – CC} Consider the following statements regarding global warming:
India’s warming was lower than the average global warming in 2024.
Polar regions warm twice as fast as the global average.
High aerosol in atmosphere aids warming.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
2024 was the warmest year globally, exceeding pre-industrial temperatures by 1.5°C, with India also experiencing its warmest year, rising 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 baseline, though less than the global average.
Statement 2 is correct while statement 3 is incorrect
Factors Contributing to the Disparity in Warming Patterns:
Global vs. Regional Warming: Global land surfaces warmed by 1.6°C, oceans by 0.9°C; India’s warming of 1.2°C is lower due to regional baseline differences and the inclusion of ocean temperatures globally.
Tropical vs. Polar Warming: Polar regions, particularly the Arctic, warm twice as fast as the global average, while India experiences relatively lower warming due to its tropical location.
Aerosol Effect: Higher aerosol and dust concentrations in India partially offset warming by scattering solar radiation, contributing to a cooling effect.
Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
2024 was the warmest year globally, exceeding pre-industrial temperatures by 1.5°C, with India also experiencing its warmest year, rising 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 baseline, though less than the global average.
Statement 2 is correct while statement 3 is incorrect
Factors Contributing to the Disparity in Warming Patterns:
Global vs. Regional Warming: Global land surfaces warmed by 1.6°C, oceans by 0.9°C; India’s warming of 1.2°C is lower due to regional baseline differences and the inclusion of ocean temperatures globally.
Tropical vs. Polar Warming: Polar regions, particularly the Arctic, warm twice as fast as the global average, while India experiences relatively lower warming due to its tropical location.
Aerosol Effect: Higher aerosol and dust concentrations in India partially offset warming by scattering solar radiation, contributing to a cooling effect.
Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
2024 was the warmest year globally, exceeding pre-industrial temperatures by 1.5°C, with India also experiencing its warmest year, rising 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 baseline, though less than the global average.
Statement 2 is correct while statement 3 is incorrect
Factors Contributing to the Disparity in Warming Patterns:
Global vs. Regional Warming: Global land surfaces warmed by 1.6°C, oceans by 0.9°C; India’s warming of 1.2°C is lower due to regional baseline differences and the inclusion of ocean temperatures globally.
Tropical vs. Polar Warming: Polar regions, particularly the Arctic, warm twice as fast as the global average, while India experiences relatively lower warming due to its tropical location.
Aerosol Effect: Higher aerosol and dust concentrations in India partially offset warming by scattering solar radiation, contributing to a cooling effect.
Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 4 of 6
4. Question
Q4. {IE – Budget} Which of the following best describes “ICEGATE”?
Correct
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway) is an online portal developed by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) in India.
It facilitates e-filing services and other related operations for the importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners.
Key Features of ICEGATE:
E-Filing Services: Filing of customs documents like Shipping Bills, Bills of Entry, and other declarations.
Connectivity: Connects users to the Indian Customs EDI System (ICES) and facilitates seamless interaction between customs and stakeholders.
Online Services:
Duty payment through e-payment.
Document tracking
Refund and drawback processing.
Answer: (a) An online portal that facilitates various operations for importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway) is an online portal developed by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) in India.
It facilitates e-filing services and other related operations for the importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners.
Key Features of ICEGATE:
E-Filing Services: Filing of customs documents like Shipping Bills, Bills of Entry, and other declarations.
Connectivity: Connects users to the Indian Customs EDI System (ICES) and facilitates seamless interaction between customs and stakeholders.
Online Services:
Duty payment through e-payment.
Document tracking
Refund and drawback processing.
Answer: (a) An online portal that facilitates various operations for importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway) is an online portal developed by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) in India.
It facilitates e-filing services and other related operations for the importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners.
Key Features of ICEGATE:
E-Filing Services: Filing of customs documents like Shipping Bills, Bills of Entry, and other declarations.
Connectivity: Connects users to the Indian Customs EDI System (ICES) and facilitates seamless interaction between customs and stakeholders.
Online Services:
Duty payment through e-payment.
Document tracking
Refund and drawback processing.
Answer: (a) An online portal that facilitates various operations for importers, exporters, customs brokers, and other trading partners; Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 5 of 6
5. Question
Q5. {S&T – Tech} With reference to the Lithium-Ion Battery, consider the following statements:
They have a higher energy density than petrol.
They allow quick charging even at freezing temperatures.
They are used in aircraft components, reduces fire risks in flight decks or cockpits.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
Lithium-ion batteries have a high-power density, but their energy density is lower than petrol.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Problems with Lithium-ion Batteries:
At freezing temperatures (zero degrees Celsius), quick charging is not possible.
Requires higher protection circuit to prevent thermal runaway if stressed.
Performance declines with time.
Lithium-ion battery packs degrade significantly more quickly when exposed to heat.
Environmental concerns are primarily related to the mining of lithium.
The liquid electrolyte used in EV batteries is highly flammable.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Lithium-ion batteries are used in aircraft components, increasing fire risk in flight decks or cockpits and requiring more robust safety measures.
Lithium-ion batteries can cause thermal runaway (a condition where the temperature of a lithium-ion battery increases uncontrollably, often leading to fires) when short-circuited, producing excessive heat and electric current.
When ignited, lithium-ion batteries release toxic fumes, burn intensely, and are difficult to extinguish, requiring firefighters to let them burn out.
Lithium-ion batteries have a high-power density, but their energy density is lower than petrol.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Problems with Lithium-ion Batteries:
At freezing temperatures (zero degrees Celsius), quick charging is not possible.
Requires higher protection circuit to prevent thermal runaway if stressed.
Performance declines with time.
Lithium-ion battery packs degrade significantly more quickly when exposed to heat.
Environmental concerns are primarily related to the mining of lithium.
The liquid electrolyte used in EV batteries is highly flammable.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Lithium-ion batteries are used in aircraft components, increasing fire risk in flight decks or cockpits and requiring more robust safety measures.
Lithium-ion batteries can cause thermal runaway (a condition where the temperature of a lithium-ion battery increases uncontrollably, often leading to fires) when short-circuited, producing excessive heat and electric current.
When ignited, lithium-ion batteries release toxic fumes, burn intensely, and are difficult to extinguish, requiring firefighters to let them burn out.
Lithium-ion batteries have a high-power density, but their energy density is lower than petrol.
Statement 2 is incorrect
Problems with Lithium-ion Batteries:
At freezing temperatures (zero degrees Celsius), quick charging is not possible.
Requires higher protection circuit to prevent thermal runaway if stressed.
Performance declines with time.
Lithium-ion battery packs degrade significantly more quickly when exposed to heat.
Environmental concerns are primarily related to the mining of lithium.
The liquid electrolyte used in EV batteries is highly flammable.
Statement 3 is incorrect
Lithium-ion batteries are used in aircraft components, increasing fire risk in flight decks or cockpits and requiring more robust safety measures.
Lithium-ion batteries can cause thermal runaway (a condition where the temperature of a lithium-ion battery increases uncontrollably, often leading to fires) when short-circuited, producing excessive heat and electric current.
When ignited, lithium-ion batteries release toxic fumes, burn intensely, and are difficult to extinguish, requiring firefighters to let them burn out.
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3; Difficulty Level: Medium
Question 6 of 6
6. Question
Q6. {Prelims – Festivals} Consider the following pairs:
Festival
State
Maha Kumbh Mela
Madhya Pradesh
Chapchar Kut
Manipur
Lohri
Gujarat
How many of the pairs are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
The Maha Kumbh Mela is a major Hindu festival and pilgrimage held at Haridwar (Uttarakhand),Prayagraj (UP), Ujjain (MP), and Nashik (Maharashtra) every 12 years.
Position of Jupiter, Sun, and Moon in specific zodiac signs determines Kumbh site.
Maha Kumbh: Held every 12 years at all four sites based on astrological alignments.
Ardh Kumbh: Held every 6 years at Haridwar and Prayagraj.
Magh Mela: An annual bathing festival at Prayagraj, predating Kumbh.
Declared UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Chapchar Kut is a traditional spring festival celebrated by the Mizo people of Mizoram.
It is one of the most significant cultural festivals of the Mizos, marking the end of the labor-intensive process of clearing forests for shifting cultivation, known as “jhuming.”
The festival includes traditional dances like Cheraw (bamboo dance) and Khuallam, music and songs performed in traditional attire, feasts, community gathering, ssporting events and cultural displays.
Pair 3 is incorrect
Lohri is a popular harvest festival celebrated primarily in the northern states of India, especially in Punjab and Haryana on January 13 every year.
It marks the end of winter and the beginning of the harvest season for crops like sugarcane, wheat, and mustard.
Lohri is also tied to the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn, known as Makar Sankranti.
It features bonfires, songs, sweets, and tales of Dulla Bhatti, a 16th century Punjabi folk hero.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
The Maha Kumbh Mela is a major Hindu festival and pilgrimage held at Haridwar (Uttarakhand),Prayagraj (UP), Ujjain (MP), and Nashik (Maharashtra) every 12 years.
Position of Jupiter, Sun, and Moon in specific zodiac signs determines Kumbh site.
Maha Kumbh: Held every 12 years at all four sites based on astrological alignments.
Ardh Kumbh: Held every 6 years at Haridwar and Prayagraj.
Magh Mela: An annual bathing festival at Prayagraj, predating Kumbh.
Declared UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Chapchar Kut is a traditional spring festival celebrated by the Mizo people of Mizoram.
It is one of the most significant cultural festivals of the Mizos, marking the end of the labor-intensive process of clearing forests for shifting cultivation, known as “jhuming.”
The festival includes traditional dances like Cheraw (bamboo dance) and Khuallam, music and songs performed in traditional attire, feasts, community gathering, ssporting events and cultural displays.
Pair 3 is incorrect
Lohri is a popular harvest festival celebrated primarily in the northern states of India, especially in Punjab and Haryana on January 13 every year.
It marks the end of winter and the beginning of the harvest season for crops like sugarcane, wheat, and mustard.
Lohri is also tied to the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn, known as Makar Sankranti.
It features bonfires, songs, sweets, and tales of Dulla Bhatti, a 16th century Punjabi folk hero.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Pair 1 is correct
The Maha Kumbh Mela is a major Hindu festival and pilgrimage held at Haridwar (Uttarakhand),Prayagraj (UP), Ujjain (MP), and Nashik (Maharashtra) every 12 years.
Position of Jupiter, Sun, and Moon in specific zodiac signs determines Kumbh site.
Maha Kumbh: Held every 12 years at all four sites based on astrological alignments.
Ardh Kumbh: Held every 6 years at Haridwar and Prayagraj.
Magh Mela: An annual bathing festival at Prayagraj, predating Kumbh.
Declared UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017.
Pair 2 is incorrect
Chapchar Kut is a traditional spring festival celebrated by the Mizo people of Mizoram.
It is one of the most significant cultural festivals of the Mizos, marking the end of the labor-intensive process of clearing forests for shifting cultivation, known as “jhuming.”
The festival includes traditional dances like Cheraw (bamboo dance) and Khuallam, music and songs performed in traditional attire, feasts, community gathering, ssporting events and cultural displays.
Pair 3 is incorrect
Lohri is a popular harvest festival celebrated primarily in the northern states of India, especially in Punjab and Haryana on January 13 every year.
It marks the end of winter and the beginning of the harvest season for crops like sugarcane, wheat, and mustard.
Lohri is also tied to the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn, known as Makar Sankranti.
It features bonfires, songs, sweets, and tales of Dulla Bhatti, a 16th century Punjabi folk hero.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Easy
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