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January 09 2025 Current Affairs MCQs
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[Quiz] Daily Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs) – January 09 2025
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These MCQs are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs. The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here. Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
Q1. {Prelims – In News} What is the significance of Kookaburras, recently seen in the news?
Correct
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Kookaburras are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly.
- The Border-Gavaskar Trophy (BGT), which Australia won for the first time since 2014-15, saw pacers set the tone with a significant role of Kookaburra cricket balls.
- It is bowler-friendly, unlike the white balls used for limited-overs cricket, which offer less swing.
- Extra lacquer was applied to ensure the ball stayed harder for longer, which meant longer seam movement. The ridge, sitting below the seam’s stitches, helps it stay intact for longer.
Answer: (b) They are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Kookaburras are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly.
- The Border-Gavaskar Trophy (BGT), which Australia won for the first time since 2014-15, saw pacers set the tone with a significant role of Kookaburra cricket balls.
- It is bowler-friendly, unlike the white balls used for limited-overs cricket, which offer less swing.
- Extra lacquer was applied to ensure the ball stayed harder for longer, which meant longer seam movement. The ridge, sitting below the seam’s stitches, helps it stay intact for longer.
Answer: (b) They are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Kookaburras are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly.
- The Border-Gavaskar Trophy (BGT), which Australia won for the first time since 2014-15, saw pacers set the tone with a significant role of Kookaburra cricket balls.
- It is bowler-friendly, unlike the white balls used for limited-overs cricket, which offer less swing.
- Extra lacquer was applied to ensure the ball stayed harder for longer, which meant longer seam movement. The ridge, sitting below the seam’s stitches, helps it stay intact for longer.
Answer: (b) They are cricket balls known for being bowler-friendly; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 2 of 8
2. Question
Q2. {Prelims – In News} From Kashmir to Kerala, each region brings a unique winter culinary tradition. Match the following traditional dishes with the states or regions they are associated with:
Dishes States/Regions - Harisa
a. Kashmir - Til Pitha
b. Assam - Pepper Rasam
c. Tamil Nadu - Chhang
d. Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Dish
Details Harisa of Kashmir - Slow-cooked mutton porridge with spices and thickened with rice or wheat.
- Derived from the Arabic word haris, meaning “to pound,” harisa carries the culinary influence of Central Asia.
- Brought to Kashmir by Afghan rulers.
Panjeeri of Jammu and Pinni of Punjab - Ghee-laden, nutrient-dense treats made with whole wheat, jaggery, and nuts are quintessential winter companions.
Methi Pak of Gujarat
- Prepared with fenugreek, jaggery, dried fruits, and medicinal properties.
- Often gifted to new mothers, it is revered for its ability to boost immunity and provide warmth.
Til Pitha of Assam - A delicate rice crepe filled with sesame and jaggery.
- Graces the festivities of Magh Bihu
Tilkut of Bihar - Specially made and eaten during Sakraat or “Makar Sankranti” festival.
- It is made of pounded ’til’ or sesame seeds and jaggery or sugar.
- Reference to this dry sweet is found in the Buddhist literature as Palala.
Pepper rasam of Tamil Nadu - Tangy, spicy soup made with black pepper, tamarind, ginger, and lentils is a comfort food and an Ayurvedic remedy.
- The word “rasa”, meaning “essence,” captures its essence—a dish that soothes, nourishes, and revitalises.
Chhang of Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh - Traditional fermented millet or barley drink—offers respite from the biting cold.
- Chhang is enjoyed during festivals and gatherings.
Beetroot Thoran of Kerala - Stir-fried dish made with beetroot, grated coconut, and spices.
- Not exclusive to the season, but best made using winter’s freshest produce.
Malaiyo of Benaras, Nimish of Lucknow, Daulat ki chaat of Delhi - Frothy, cloud-like desserts churned from milk foam and flavoured with saffron.
- Malaiyo has a special twist of banana and pine nuts.
- Daulat ki Chaat is also mentioned in Shahjahanama.
Answer: (a) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Dish
Details Harisa of Kashmir - Slow-cooked mutton porridge with spices and thickened with rice or wheat.
- Derived from the Arabic word haris, meaning “to pound,” harisa carries the culinary influence of Central Asia.
- Brought to Kashmir by Afghan rulers.
Panjeeri of Jammu and Pinni of Punjab - Ghee-laden, nutrient-dense treats made with whole wheat, jaggery, and nuts are quintessential winter companions.
Methi Pak of Gujarat
- Prepared with fenugreek, jaggery, dried fruits, and medicinal properties.
- Often gifted to new mothers, it is revered for its ability to boost immunity and provide warmth.
Til Pitha of Assam - A delicate rice crepe filled with sesame and jaggery.
- Graces the festivities of Magh Bihu
Tilkut of Bihar - Specially made and eaten during Sakraat or “Makar Sankranti” festival.
- It is made of pounded ’til’ or sesame seeds and jaggery or sugar.
- Reference to this dry sweet is found in the Buddhist literature as Palala.
Pepper rasam of Tamil Nadu - Tangy, spicy soup made with black pepper, tamarind, ginger, and lentils is a comfort food and an Ayurvedic remedy.
- The word “rasa”, meaning “essence,” captures its essence—a dish that soothes, nourishes, and revitalises.
Chhang of Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh - Traditional fermented millet or barley drink—offers respite from the biting cold.
- Chhang is enjoyed during festivals and gatherings.
Beetroot Thoran of Kerala - Stir-fried dish made with beetroot, grated coconut, and spices.
- Not exclusive to the season, but best made using winter’s freshest produce.
Malaiyo of Benaras, Nimish of Lucknow, Daulat ki chaat of Delhi - Frothy, cloud-like desserts churned from milk foam and flavoured with saffron.
- Malaiyo has a special twist of banana and pine nuts.
- Daulat ki Chaat is also mentioned in Shahjahanama.
Answer: (a) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (a) is correct
Dish
Details Harisa of Kashmir - Slow-cooked mutton porridge with spices and thickened with rice or wheat.
- Derived from the Arabic word haris, meaning “to pound,” harisa carries the culinary influence of Central Asia.
- Brought to Kashmir by Afghan rulers.
Panjeeri of Jammu and Pinni of Punjab - Ghee-laden, nutrient-dense treats made with whole wheat, jaggery, and nuts are quintessential winter companions.
Methi Pak of Gujarat
- Prepared with fenugreek, jaggery, dried fruits, and medicinal properties.
- Often gifted to new mothers, it is revered for its ability to boost immunity and provide warmth.
Til Pitha of Assam - A delicate rice crepe filled with sesame and jaggery.
- Graces the festivities of Magh Bihu
Tilkut of Bihar - Specially made and eaten during Sakraat or “Makar Sankranti” festival.
- It is made of pounded ’til’ or sesame seeds and jaggery or sugar.
- Reference to this dry sweet is found in the Buddhist literature as Palala.
Pepper rasam of Tamil Nadu - Tangy, spicy soup made with black pepper, tamarind, ginger, and lentils is a comfort food and an Ayurvedic remedy.
- The word “rasa”, meaning “essence,” captures its essence—a dish that soothes, nourishes, and revitalises.
Chhang of Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh - Traditional fermented millet or barley drink—offers respite from the biting cold.
- Chhang is enjoyed during festivals and gatherings.
Beetroot Thoran of Kerala - Stir-fried dish made with beetroot, grated coconut, and spices.
- Not exclusive to the season, but best made using winter’s freshest produce.
Malaiyo of Benaras, Nimish of Lucknow, Daulat ki chaat of Delhi - Frothy, cloud-like desserts churned from milk foam and flavoured with saffron.
- Malaiyo has a special twist of banana and pine nuts.
- Daulat ki Chaat is also mentioned in Shahjahanama.
Answer: (a) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d; Difficulty Level: Hard
-
Question 3 of 8
3. Question
Q3. {S&T – ISRO} With reference to India’s space projects, consider the following statements:
- The Space Docking Experiment is a technology demonstrator mission that will demonstrate in-space docking.
- Bharatiya Antariksh Station is India’s planned space station which will orbit around 600 – 700 km above the Earth’s surface.
- In Venus Orbiter Mission, India will use aero-braking technique to land the spacecraft for the first time.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX):
- It is a cost-effective technology demonstrator mission that will demonstrate in-space docking using two small spacecraft (‘Chaser’ and ‘Target’) designed to be launched from a single PSLV class vehicle and to dock at an altitude of about 700 kilometres.
- Objective:
- To develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking. The mission will also demonstrate the transfer of electric power between the docked spacecraft, manage composite spacecraft control, and conduct payload operations after undocking.
- Significance:
- It is essential for India’s space ambitions, such as India on the Moon, sample return from the Moon, the building and operation of Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), etc.
- Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world (after US, Russia, and China) to have space docking technology.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS):
- It is India’s planned space station designed for scientific research.
- It will orbit at an altitude of 400 – 450 km above the Earth’s surface.
- The space station will have five modules and will be constructed in phases.
- The first module, known as the Base Module, is scheduled for launch in 2028 & is expected to be fully operational by 2035.
- BAS is currently in the conceptualisation phase, focusing on the overall architecture, module types and numbers, docking ports, and other technical details.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- Venus Orbiter Mission:
- It is India’s first Venus mission and is expected to launch in March 2028.
- Technical Aspects of the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM):
- Aero-Braking Technique: For the first time, ISRO will employ aero-braking to adjust the spacecraft’s orbit around Venus. It involves skimming the outer atmosphere to lower the orbit gradually, conserving fuel.
- Orbit Details: The spacecraft will initially enter a highly elliptical orbit (a satellite orbit around the Earth that follows the path of an ellipse). It will be manoeuvred to a lower orbit for optimal scientific observations.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX):
- It is a cost-effective technology demonstrator mission that will demonstrate in-space docking using two small spacecraft (‘Chaser’ and ‘Target’) designed to be launched from a single PSLV class vehicle and to dock at an altitude of about 700 kilometres.
- Objective:
- To develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking. The mission will also demonstrate the transfer of electric power between the docked spacecraft, manage composite spacecraft control, and conduct payload operations after undocking.
- Significance:
- It is essential for India’s space ambitions, such as India on the Moon, sample return from the Moon, the building and operation of Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), etc.
- Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world (after US, Russia, and China) to have space docking technology.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS):
- It is India’s planned space station designed for scientific research.
- It will orbit at an altitude of 400 – 450 km above the Earth’s surface.
- The space station will have five modules and will be constructed in phases.
- The first module, known as the Base Module, is scheduled for launch in 2028 & is expected to be fully operational by 2035.
- BAS is currently in the conceptualisation phase, focusing on the overall architecture, module types and numbers, docking ports, and other technical details.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- Venus Orbiter Mission:
- It is India’s first Venus mission and is expected to launch in March 2028.
- Technical Aspects of the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM):
- Aero-Braking Technique: For the first time, ISRO will employ aero-braking to adjust the spacecraft’s orbit around Venus. It involves skimming the outer atmosphere to lower the orbit gradually, conserving fuel.
- Orbit Details: The spacecraft will initially enter a highly elliptical orbit (a satellite orbit around the Earth that follows the path of an ellipse). It will be manoeuvred to a lower orbit for optimal scientific observations.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX):
- It is a cost-effective technology demonstrator mission that will demonstrate in-space docking using two small spacecraft (‘Chaser’ and ‘Target’) designed to be launched from a single PSLV class vehicle and to dock at an altitude of about 700 kilometres.
- Objective:
- To develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking. The mission will also demonstrate the transfer of electric power between the docked spacecraft, manage composite spacecraft control, and conduct payload operations after undocking.
- Significance:
- It is essential for India’s space ambitions, such as India on the Moon, sample return from the Moon, the building and operation of Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), etc.
- Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world (after US, Russia, and China) to have space docking technology.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS):
- It is India’s planned space station designed for scientific research.
- It will orbit at an altitude of 400 – 450 km above the Earth’s surface.
- The space station will have five modules and will be constructed in phases.
- The first module, known as the Base Module, is scheduled for launch in 2028 & is expected to be fully operational by 2035.
- BAS is currently in the conceptualisation phase, focusing on the overall architecture, module types and numbers, docking ports, and other technical details.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- Venus Orbiter Mission:
- It is India’s first Venus mission and is expected to launch in March 2028.
- Technical Aspects of the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM):
- Aero-Braking Technique: For the first time, ISRO will employ aero-braking to adjust the spacecraft’s orbit around Venus. It involves skimming the outer atmosphere to lower the orbit gradually, conserving fuel.
- Orbit Details: The spacecraft will initially enter a highly elliptical orbit (a satellite orbit around the Earth that follows the path of an ellipse). It will be manoeuvred to a lower orbit for optimal scientific observations.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Hard
-
Question 4 of 8
4. Question
Q4. {Social Sector – Education} Consider the following statements regarding the appointment of Vice-Chancellors (VCs):
- One of the guidelines for selection criteria is minimum 20 year experience as a professor or equivalent experience in academia, research, or administration.
- The state or central government appoints VCs based on recommendations from a selection committee.
- The term of service for appointed VCs is fixed at 5 years with reappointment.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation
- Recent debates around the selection of Vice-Chancellors (VCs) in Indian universities highlight the tension between academic autonomy and govt control, alongside proposed reforms under the New Education Policy (NEP) and UGC regulations.
- The VC is the head and symbol of a university, bridging academic and administrative functions
Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- Appointment of VCs:
- UGC Guidelines for Selection Criteria: Minimum 10 years as a professor or equivalent experience in academia, research, or administration, thus allowing distinguished professionals from public administration, industry, or public policy with academic contributions to apply.
- The state or central government appoints VCs based on recommendations from a selection committee consisting of experts, often including educationists, academicians, and officials from the government.
- The appointed VCs serve a term of 3 to 5 years, with the possibility of reappointment.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
- Recent debates around the selection of Vice-Chancellors (VCs) in Indian universities highlight the tension between academic autonomy and govt control, alongside proposed reforms under the New Education Policy (NEP) and UGC regulations.
- The VC is the head and symbol of a university, bridging academic and administrative functions
Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- Appointment of VCs:
- UGC Guidelines for Selection Criteria: Minimum 10 years as a professor or equivalent experience in academia, research, or administration, thus allowing distinguished professionals from public administration, industry, or public policy with academic contributions to apply.
- The state or central government appoints VCs based on recommendations from a selection committee consisting of experts, often including educationists, academicians, and officials from the government.
- The appointed VCs serve a term of 3 to 5 years, with the possibility of reappointment.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
- Recent debates around the selection of Vice-Chancellors (VCs) in Indian universities highlight the tension between academic autonomy and govt control, alongside proposed reforms under the New Education Policy (NEP) and UGC regulations.
- The VC is the head and symbol of a university, bridging academic and administrative functions
Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect, and Statement 2 is correct
- Appointment of VCs:
- UGC Guidelines for Selection Criteria: Minimum 10 years as a professor or equivalent experience in academia, research, or administration, thus allowing distinguished professionals from public administration, industry, or public policy with academic contributions to apply.
- The state or central government appoints VCs based on recommendations from a selection committee consisting of experts, often including educationists, academicians, and officials from the government.
- The appointed VCs serve a term of 3 to 5 years, with the possibility of reappointment.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 5 of 8
5. Question
Q5. {Prelims – In News} Which legendary Dogra warrior, known for his campaigns in Ladakh and Tibet during the 1800s, served as the wazir of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu?
Correct
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh was an extraordinary general, a wazir of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu (a feudatory of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) the Sikh ruler of Khalsa Raj in Punjab.
- Zorawar Singh captured Ladakh and made forays deep into Tibet during the 1800s.
- Shivaji Maharaj’s statue on the banks of the Pangong Tso lake in Ladakh created controversy, suggesting the installation of a statue of legendary Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh.
Answer: (b) General Zorawar Singh Kahluria; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh was an extraordinary general, a wazir of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu (a feudatory of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) the Sikh ruler of Khalsa Raj in Punjab.
- Zorawar Singh captured Ladakh and made forays deep into Tibet during the 1800s.
- Shivaji Maharaj’s statue on the banks of the Pangong Tso lake in Ladakh created controversy, suggesting the installation of a statue of legendary Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh.
Answer: (b) General Zorawar Singh Kahluria; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Option (b) is correct
- Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh was an extraordinary general, a wazir of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu (a feudatory of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) the Sikh ruler of Khalsa Raj in Punjab.
- Zorawar Singh captured Ladakh and made forays deep into Tibet during the 1800s.
- Shivaji Maharaj’s statue on the banks of the Pangong Tso lake in Ladakh created controversy, suggesting the installation of a statue of legendary Dogra warrior Zorawar Singh.
Answer: (b) General Zorawar Singh Kahluria; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 6 of 8
6. Question
Q6. {IR – Groupings} Consider the following countries:
- Indonesia
- Saudi Arabia
- Egypt
- Azerbaijan
How many of the above are currently members of BRICS?
Correct
Explanation
Options 1 and 3 are correct
- Brazil announced Indonesia’s admission as a full member of BRICS.
- Current Membership: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, and Indonesia.
- BRICS Formation: Established in 2009 with Brazil, Russia, India & China as founding members.
- South Africa’s Entry: South Africa joined the bloc in 2010, expanding it to BRICS.
Options 2 and 4 are incorrect
- In 2023, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE joined the group, with Saudi Arabia invited but not yet joined.
- Other Countries Seeking BRICS Membership:
- Formal Applicants: Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have applied for BRICS membership.
- Interest from Other nations in joining the bloc, but specific names are not confirmed.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Easy
Incorrect
Explanation
Options 1 and 3 are correct
- Brazil announced Indonesia’s admission as a full member of BRICS.
- Current Membership: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, and Indonesia.
- BRICS Formation: Established in 2009 with Brazil, Russia, India & China as founding members.
- South Africa’s Entry: South Africa joined the bloc in 2010, expanding it to BRICS.
Options 2 and 4 are incorrect
- In 2023, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE joined the group, with Saudi Arabia invited but not yet joined.
- Other Countries Seeking BRICS Membership:
- Formal Applicants: Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have applied for BRICS membership.
- Interest from Other nations in joining the bloc, but specific names are not confirmed.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Easy
Unattempted
Explanation
Options 1 and 3 are correct
- Brazil announced Indonesia’s admission as a full member of BRICS.
- Current Membership: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, and Indonesia.
- BRICS Formation: Established in 2009 with Brazil, Russia, India & China as founding members.
- South Africa’s Entry: South Africa joined the bloc in 2010, expanding it to BRICS.
Options 2 and 4 are incorrect
- In 2023, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE joined the group, with Saudi Arabia invited but not yet joined.
- Other Countries Seeking BRICS Membership:
- Formal Applicants: Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have applied for BRICS membership.
- Interest from Other nations in joining the bloc, but specific names are not confirmed.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Easy
-
Question 7 of 8
7. Question
Q7. {Geo – PG – Geomorphology} Consider the following statements regarding Soapstone:
- Soapstone is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of talc and is used in construction, design, and various industries.
- Gujarat has the highest soapstone reserves in India, accounting for more than 50%.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Soapstone is a metamorphic rock composed of talc, used in construction, design & various industries.
- Uses:
- It is mined primarily for producing talc, a soft material used in cosmetics, plastics, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals.
- It is used in making stoves, countertops, and sculptures.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Major soapstone reserves in India: Rajasthan (57%) and Uttarakhand (25%).
- Soapstone Mining:
- Soapstone is extracted for its heat-resistant properties. It involves extracting the mineral from open-pit mines or quarries using semi-mechanised methods like drilling, blasting, and excavation techniques, often with heavy earth-moving equipment.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Soapstone is a metamorphic rock composed of talc, used in construction, design & various industries.
- Uses:
- It is mined primarily for producing talc, a soft material used in cosmetics, plastics, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals.
- It is used in making stoves, countertops, and sculptures.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Major soapstone reserves in India: Rajasthan (57%) and Uttarakhand (25%).
- Soapstone Mining:
- Soapstone is extracted for its heat-resistant properties. It involves extracting the mineral from open-pit mines or quarries using semi-mechanised methods like drilling, blasting, and excavation techniques, often with heavy earth-moving equipment.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- Soapstone is a metamorphic rock composed of talc, used in construction, design & various industries.
- Uses:
- It is mined primarily for producing talc, a soft material used in cosmetics, plastics, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals.
- It is used in making stoves, countertops, and sculptures.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- Major soapstone reserves in India: Rajasthan (57%) and Uttarakhand (25%).
- Soapstone Mining:
- Soapstone is extracted for its heat-resistant properties. It involves extracting the mineral from open-pit mines or quarries using semi-mechanised methods like drilling, blasting, and excavation techniques, often with heavy earth-moving equipment.
Answer: (a) 1 only; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 8 of 8
8. Question
Q8. {A&C – Music} Consider the following statements regarding the origins and evolution of the tabla:
- The ‘tabla’ is mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari, indicating its presence during the Mughal period.
- The predecessor instrument of the tabla was the pakhawaj, used in the dhrupad genre.
- The Delhi Gharana of tabla is known for its clarity and simple compositions.
How many of the statements given above are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Etymology: The word ‘tabla’ derives from the Arabic word ‘tabl,’ meaning drum.
- Introduction Period: Originated around 250 years ago, as per Ustad Zakir Hussain. Not mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari (16th-century record by Abul Fazl), indicating its later emergence. Likely introduced during Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719–1748).
- First Innovator: Siddhar Khan Dhadhi transformed the wrist-and-fingers technique of pakhawaj playing into the tabla technique.
Statement 2 is correct
- Connection with Classical Music:
- Predecessor Instrument: The pakhawaj, used in the dhrupad genre.
- Transition to Khayal: Fusion of temple traditions with Sufi qawwali by 14th-century saint Amir Khusrau replaced drupad with Khayal for its improvisational nature.
- Role in Post-Dhrupad Era: Needed as a percussion partner for the evolving, softer & agile Hindustani music. Tabla is integral to khayal, thumri, ghazal, and instrumental performances.
Statement 3 is correct
- Gharanas of Tabla:
- Delhi Gharana: Known for clarity and simple compositions.
- Punjab Gharana: Mathematical complexity & intricate beats; has sub-gharanas like Talwandi & Naiwala.
- Lucknow Gharana: Expressive and melodious playing style.
- Banaras (Purab) Gharana: Rhythms suitable for Kathak dance; Heavily influenced by the pakhawaj.
- Farrukhabad Gharana: Versatile and balanced approach.
- Ajrara Gharana: Combination of Delhi and Lucknow styles.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Hard
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Etymology: The word ‘tabla’ derives from the Arabic word ‘tabl,’ meaning drum.
- Introduction Period: Originated around 250 years ago, as per Ustad Zakir Hussain. Not mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari (16th-century record by Abul Fazl), indicating its later emergence. Likely introduced during Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719–1748).
- First Innovator: Siddhar Khan Dhadhi transformed the wrist-and-fingers technique of pakhawaj playing into the tabla technique.
Statement 2 is correct
- Connection with Classical Music:
- Predecessor Instrument: The pakhawaj, used in the dhrupad genre.
- Transition to Khayal: Fusion of temple traditions with Sufi qawwali by 14th-century saint Amir Khusrau replaced drupad with Khayal for its improvisational nature.
- Role in Post-Dhrupad Era: Needed as a percussion partner for the evolving, softer & agile Hindustani music. Tabla is integral to khayal, thumri, ghazal, and instrumental performances.
Statement 3 is correct
- Gharanas of Tabla:
- Delhi Gharana: Known for clarity and simple compositions.
- Punjab Gharana: Mathematical complexity & intricate beats; has sub-gharanas like Talwandi & Naiwala.
- Lucknow Gharana: Expressive and melodious playing style.
- Banaras (Purab) Gharana: Rhythms suitable for Kathak dance; Heavily influenced by the pakhawaj.
- Farrukhabad Gharana: Versatile and balanced approach.
- Ajrara Gharana: Combination of Delhi and Lucknow styles.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Hard
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Etymology: The word ‘tabla’ derives from the Arabic word ‘tabl,’ meaning drum.
- Introduction Period: Originated around 250 years ago, as per Ustad Zakir Hussain. Not mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari (16th-century record by Abul Fazl), indicating its later emergence. Likely introduced during Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719–1748).
- First Innovator: Siddhar Khan Dhadhi transformed the wrist-and-fingers technique of pakhawaj playing into the tabla technique.
Statement 2 is correct
- Connection with Classical Music:
- Predecessor Instrument: The pakhawaj, used in the dhrupad genre.
- Transition to Khayal: Fusion of temple traditions with Sufi qawwali by 14th-century saint Amir Khusrau replaced drupad with Khayal for its improvisational nature.
- Role in Post-Dhrupad Era: Needed as a percussion partner for the evolving, softer & agile Hindustani music. Tabla is integral to khayal, thumri, ghazal, and instrumental performances.
Statement 3 is correct
- Gharanas of Tabla:
- Delhi Gharana: Known for clarity and simple compositions.
- Punjab Gharana: Mathematical complexity & intricate beats; has sub-gharanas like Talwandi & Naiwala.
- Lucknow Gharana: Expressive and melodious playing style.
- Banaras (Purab) Gharana: Rhythms suitable for Kathak dance; Heavily influenced by the pakhawaj.
- Farrukhabad Gharana: Versatile and balanced approach.
- Ajrara Gharana: Combination of Delhi and Lucknow styles.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Hard
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2 of 8 questions answered correctly
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